The Heros Journey Crossing the Threshold and Tests

The hero, armed with the mentor’s gifts, agrees to face the journey. This is the turning point between Act One and Act Two, the crossing from the ordinary world into the special world. The hero is wholeheartedly committed and there is no turning back. According to Christopher Voglers The Writers Journey: Mythic Structure, crossing the first threshold is often the result of some external force that changes the course or intensity of the story: someone is kidnapped or murdered, a storm hits, the hero is out of options or pushed over the brink. Internal events might also signal the crossing of a threshold: the hero’s very soul is at stake and he makes a decision to risk everything to change his life, Vogler writes. The Threshold Heroes are very likely to encounter threshold guardians at this point. The hero’s task is to figure out some way around these guardians. Some guardians are illusions and the energy of others must be incorporated by the hero, who realizes that the obstacle actually contains the means of climbing over the threshold. Some guardians simply need to be acknowledged, according to Vogler. Many writers illustrate this crossing with physical elements such as doors, gates, bridges, canyons, oceans, or rivers. You may notice a clear shift in energy at this point. A tornado sends Dorothy to the special world. Glinda, a mentor, begins teaching Dorothy the rules of this new place, gives her the magical ruby slippers, and a quest, sending her over a threshold where she will make friends, confront enemies, and be tested. Tests, Allies, Enemies The two worlds have a different feel, a different rhythm, different priorities and values, different rules. The most important function of this stage in the story is the testing of the hero to prepare her for the ordeals that lie ahead, according to Vogler. One test is how quickly she adjusts to the new rules. The special world is usually dominated by a villain or shadow who has set traps for intruders. The hero forms a team or a relationship with a sidekick. She also discovers enemies and rivals. This is a getting to know you phase. The reader learns about the characters involved, the hero accumulates power, learns the ropes, and prepares for the next phase.

The Disconnection By Alice Walker - 1722 Words

In Everyday Use Historical Criticisms explores the disconnection that people can sometimes have depending on their education. Alice Walker successfully shows the disconnection by comparing two ends of the spectrum of generation. Taking the historical context it plays a major role in the way this short story is viewed. It was a time where people of color had a different and difficult experience getting an education. When the narrator was talking about having an education it was important because she wanted to be on a television show her success and how far she went. However Dee see’s her mother and Maggie differently as if they don’t know how to appreciate heritage as an art. For example when she wanted the quilts that were suppose to go†¦show more content†¦As the story progressed it led to Dee fighting for the quilts since she did not want Maggie to have them because she was just going to use it as an everyday item instead of valuing it as art. â€Å"Can I ha ve these old quilts? I heard something fall in the kitchen, and a minute later the kitchen door slammed. Why don’t you take one of the others? No, said Wangero (Dee) I don’t want those† (Walker 292). Dee wanted the quilts to have them hanging on the wall at her house to show her heritage and her culture. In that short section it showed the difference of wanting to use the quilt as an everyday item as some form of art to make a statement of showing how proud she was her heritage during a time where colored people were oppressed. In the end of the story when Dee leaves after the argument and has a dramatic exit while, her mother and Maggie just sit outside until bedtime, which showed the difference of the older generation and new. On one side there is a passive approach and then there is the new generation which is demonstrated as being a fighter, and fighting for what you believe until you get what you want or at least try. One main focus in this story is heritage and the different value is holds for people. On one hand Dee admires her culture and embraces it too its full extent. She changes her name from â€Å"Dee Johnson to â€Å"Wangero Leewanika Kemanjo† (Cowart). She seesShow MoreRelatedâ€Å"All segments of the literary world—whether establishment, progressive, Black, female, or1200 Words   |  5 Pagesnot know, that Black women writers and Black lesbian writers exist.† During the 1970’s to 1980’s, African American studies of Black’s steep legacy was a dying trade. Alice walker stepped up in this time period as an influential writer of the recovery movement for African American studies. Three well respected works from Alice Walker are: The Color Purple, The Third Life of Grange Copeland, and Meridian. We will focus on Walker’s narrative, The Color Purple which details the story of a young eightRead MoreShort Story : Everyday Use Mama906 Words   |  4 PagesIn, Alice Walkers, Ever yday use mama is waiting around for her daughter Dee to arrive. Here we learn a little about herself and her daughter Maggie, but we hear a lot about Dee; who seems to be very praised. Still Mama knows that Maggie will be uneasy during her sister’s visit, she still imagines her reuniting with her daughter just like on television. Mama starts  to remember their life, how Maggie got her scars in the fire, and sending Dee off to school and coming back forcing her beliefs on everyoneRead MoreBlack Naturalism and Toni Morrison: the Journey Away from Self-Love in the Bluest Eye8144 Words   |  33 Pagesare is who we are, she remains undaunted and vows ain t nobody gonna beat me at nuthin (94,96). During an interview of Alice Childress and Toni Morrison conducted by Black Creation magazine, Childress claims that all black writers, whether they intended to or not have been writing about not being free. Always--from the beginning of America right up to now (Walker and Weathers 92). The theory of naturalism is also about the primal struggle for freedom-- freedom to develop and realize allRead MoreAn Analysis of Theodore Roethkes My Papas Waltz3287 Words   |  13 Pagesword and phrase, and how these work together to present her ideas to the reader. This is what makes her work unusual and Toni Morrison an author whose greatness is surpassed by very few. Discussion # 3: Part I In Everyday Things by Alice Walker, Dee visits her mother and sister, suddenly having become Wangero in honor of what she sees as her heritage. When she accuses her family of not understanding their heritage, the implication is that they have not, unlike her, studied this heritage

Oral Presentation free essay sample

As a college student it is almost a must to be able to present an oral presentation. No matter what your major is, most probabaly it requires the ability to do a nearly perfect representaion. Especially in high school, students try to do everything to avoid making a speech or an oral presentation. I can still remember my first speech back in grade 5 which went terribly wrong. Though i was far from being a shy student, i was so nervous on the day of my speech that i could not eat that morning. I was so quiet in school that my friends thought that i was maybe sick. Anyway somehow i managed to finish my speech which was from my point a view a disaster as a i mentioned before. From my own experience, i believe most students feel uncomfortable doing a speech or a presentation because they simply lack the methods of preparing and delivering an effective oral presentation. Here are some examples of what you should do before, during and after an oral presentation. Before you do a presentation,you should make a really good preparation. Most students who do bad are the ones who are unprepared. First of all make sure you understand the actual topic because only then you are able to present your work well. Then oraganize your ideas logically and systematically. A good idea is to prepare some helpful notecards. Once you have finished with your preparation, present your work to your friends or to your family to see their reaction. Try to improve whatever they criticize. On the day of your presentation, make sure you look good and feel comfortable. Arrive in class before the audience, as you have to check the tools and equipment that you are going to use. The most important part is the actual presentation. However once you well prepared you should not be too worried about presenting. There are only a few details you should be aware of . The number one rule is to speak loud and clear all the time, because if your audience is having a hard time understanding you, then they will simply not pay attention. Also do not stare at the floor or at your notes. Try to look at the audience, and try to make eye contact as much as possible. Another point is not to let your presentation get boring. A good way to prevent this is to let your audience take part in the presentation. Late in my high school years i had a presentation which involved a quizz and a competition and my whole class paricipated in it, even my teacher. Lastly remember your audience does not know about your preparations or your notecards, so if you are stuck or forgot a point, just move on and do not let your audience notice it. Finally if you are finished with your topic, do not just leave. It is always good to sum up your presebtation incase your audience missed some points. Then also be prepared to answer some questions or to go through several points again. Only if there are no more questions asked, can you start to pack your things. Do not forget before you leave to thank your audience. Soon or later you will be asked to do an oral presentation, whether it is in high school, college or at your job. Even though it seens like a hard task in the beginning, once you know the methods and techniqes, you will notice it is actually not that hard. If you go through your work step by step as mentioned above, you will absolutely have no problems preparing and delivering an effective oral presentation.

Themes of nightmare before christmas Essay Example For Students

Themes of nightmare before christmas Essay Twas a long time ago, longer now than it seems, in a place perhaps youve seen in your dreams. For the story youre about to be told began with the holiday worlds of old. Now youve probably wondered where holidays come from. If you havent Id say its time you begun, for the holidays are the result of much fuss and hard work for the worlds that create them for us. Well, you see now, quite simply, thats all that they do, making one unique holiday especially for you. But once a calamity ever so great occurred when two holidays met by mistake. We will write a custom essay on Themes of nightmare before christmas specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Just in time for Halloween comes the re-release of The Nightmare Before Christmas, director Tim Burtons twisted take on those animated television specials that show up around the holiday season, such as Santa Claus is Coming to Town or Rudolph the Red Nose Reindeer. Originally released in 1993, The Nightmare Before Christmas is a marvel of animation that took stop-action director Henry Selick (who later did James and the Giant Peach) over three years of painstaking effort to complete. Even seven years later, after audiences have become long-accustomed to the advances in computer graphics, this animated classic is still a technical marvel, with its attention to detail and complexity in both movement and interaction. However, what I found most surprising about Tim Burtons masterpiece was how it eloquently illustrated a number of MBA concepts, such as leadership, change management, business model re-engineering, and core competency. In the world of The Nightmare Before Christmas, every major holiday has its own town, where its denizens spend the entire year preparing for their one day to shine. In Halloweentown, Jack Skellington (voiced by Chris Sarandon of Bordello of Blood, sung by composer Danny Elfman), the so-called Pumpkin King, has faithfully guided the citizens in organizing the festivities for their annual Halloween parade. However, after years of dedicated service, Jack finds himself bored with the old routine, and yearns for something completely different. Depressed, he wanders into the woods where he stumbles onto a doorway into Christmastown. Whats this? Theyre busy throwing snowballs instead of throwing heads. It is here that he finds himself inspired by the sights and sounds of Christmas, a magical place built around festivity instead of fear. Driven by his good intentions and ambition, Jack returns home to spread the word about his amazing discovery. He then devotes all the resources of Halloweentown into taking over the Christmas holiday, which includes making a number of improvements (which are quite hilarious when they are unleashed on the good girls and boys of the world) and usurping Sandy Claws in the annual sleigh ride. However, not everyone in Halloween town agrees with the new strategic direction. Sally (voiced by Catherine OHara, seen recently in Best in Show), a Frankenstein-like creation who also holds a torch for Jack, has a bad feeling about the plan and tries to warn him of the danger, but to no avail. Not surprisingly, despite his best intentions, Jacks plan ends up almost ruining Christmas. If you have seen enough Disney animated musicals or those claymation animated Christmas specials, you will probably be delighted by what The Nightmare Before Christmas has to offer. The overall framework is the same, with dozens of cute characters breaking out into song as the story unfolds. However, given that the story is based on ideas and characters from Tim Burton (whose dark and unconventional portfolio includes the likes of Edward Scissorhands, Batman, and Beetlejuice), you can certainly expect a macabre twist to the proceedings. Guillotines, severed heads, vampires, spiders, and all sorts of Halloween standards are present, though it never gets gory or frightening call it cartoon horror. .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .postImageUrl , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:hover , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:visited , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:active { border:0!important; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:active , .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09 .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u460cccb4ccb876a05991d5a08d724d09:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Mulholland Drive: Camera and sound EssayThe animation itself is a technical marvel. The characters are incredibly expressive (apparently, the character of Jack had 150 interchangeable heads to get the entire range of emotion needed), and their graceful movements make it easy to forget that it was shot with traditional stop-action techniques. The attention to detail is also evident in the showcase scenes, where there are hundreds of individually animated elements on the screen, such as the opening Halloween parade and the over-the-top dance of the Oogey-Boogey Man (voiced by Ken Page of All Dogs Go to Heaven). Attacked by Christmas toys? Thats strange thats the second toy complaint weve had. However, what is most impressive about The Nightmare Before Christmas is the extensive subtext of business management concepts contained within the script. Throughout the years, Ive come across a number of films that can be used to demonstrate business management concepts in action. For example, Apollo 13 is an excellent illustration of teaming, while both The Horse Whisperer and Pleasantville expound a number of change management concepts. What makes The Nightmare Before Christmas so unique is how many concepts it touches on within its 76-minute running time. Jacks attempt to redefine Halloweentowns business model (i.e. take over the Christmas holiday) falters due to three key failings: lack of attention to change management, weak leadership, and a poor understanding of Halloweentowns core competency. After getting religion from his visit to Christmastown, Jack develops a vision for taking over the holiday and making improvements. Unfortunately, he does not effectively communicate this vision to the citizens of Halloweentown, since it requires a complete paradigm shift to fully comprehend it. The citizens of Halloweentown are used to fashioning products and services that are grotesque, scary, and fatal, and their entire corporate culture has been shaped around this core competency. Thus, Jack finds difficulty in explaining joy, cheer, and goodwill towards all men, since these are alien concepts. However, Jack finds success when he is able to explain it in terms they are used to, such as referring to the head of Christmastown as Sandy Claws. Unfortunately, the result is poor comprehension of what the new strategic direction is all about, and Jacks followers end up applying concepts of the old Halloween business model in order to implement Christmas. In addition, Jack does not properly establish forums for his followers to provide feedback or input on the new strategic direction, and as a result, Sallys concerns are never raised. Jack may certainly have garnered agreement, but he has not truly secured their buy-in. Furthermore, as plans get underway, Jack ends up delegating all activities to his followers without any sort of governance process in place, thereby losing sight of the day-to-day operations. It is not until too late (when Christmas is actually in production) that Jack realizes that the projects undertaken by his followers have strayed quite a bit from his original vision. It is then that Jack learns that simply announcing a new strategic direction is not enough. To be truly successful, he needs to instill a new culture in his organization, understand the core competency of his organization and how it must evolve to support the new business model, guide and educate his followers into the required new mode of thinking, establish two-way communication between management and staff throughout the entire change process, and establish procedures to ensure that all activities are aligned with the new strategic direction. Unfortunately, the business world is littered with stories like Jacks, such as the dime-a-dozen dot-com retailers that imploded last year in the fourth quarter (now theres a nightmare before Christmas!)Even if you dont buy into the MBA interpretation of the story, The Nightmare Before Christmas is still a remarkable animated film that is sure to delight and entertain children and adults alike. Built on the familiar foundation of the animated musical, The Nightmare Before Christmas takes the art form in a new and unexpected direction, creating a magical bounty for the eyes, the heart, and the intellect. .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .postImageUrl , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:hover , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:visited , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:active { border:0!important; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:active , .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf957c0b160df7fef8055a28278d95cfe:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Sony Corporation: Globalization Meets Localization Sample EssayBibliography:

Parliament vs. Democracy essays

Parliament vs. Democracy essays The Philippines has indeed gone through decades worth of experiences as what has been dictated by a rich history of colonialism, revolutions, a strong impetus for independence, change in government, change in government and yeah, change in government. But all these reforms and transitions ironically didnt seem to suffice as our country is still relatively young in terms of development and progress. Questions on the effectiveness of the current government are inevitably raised which all the more proves the countrys struggle to improve. The battle between a presidential and parliamentary government is all but alien to us and has been considered gravely many times. Rep. Florencio B. Abad, in his article Should the Philippines Turn Parliamentary? presented a great deal of valid claims with regards to the preferable compensation a parliamentary government can offer over a presidential one. Even though his article appeared a little much too insistent in insinuating the advantages applying a parliamentary type of government could produce, consequently ignoring a presidential systems benefits and looking much into its weaknesses; I still would have to agree to most of the propositions he made. A parliamentary type of government provides a whole new different approach in the relationship between the legislative and executive branches of the government. They no longer are independent branches but rather possess, as Stepan and Skach have mentioned, a mutually dependent relationship. This, in my opinion, would prove to be a good measure especially when taking into consideration the miscommunication and gridlocks independent branches produce. The legislators make laws, the executive execute them, seems plain enough. But realistically considering the unspoken at the same time outspoken feud between these two branches, plain enough duties becomes arduous tasks. Wh...

Free sample - Economics Principles and Their Apllications. translation missing

Economics Principles and Their Apllications. Economics Principles and Their ApllicationsEconomics is defined as a study of how socities produce useful commodities fromscarce resources and share them among themselves. Economics is very broad and has many principles and their applications.scarcity is where economists study situations where the needs of people exceed rthe means of acquiring the resources and therefore have to make choices. Rationality is aconcept assumed to guide trhe decisions or choices of people. When they are deciding they are given an opportunity to gauge the benefits and cost of all alternativers that they have.preferences allows people to assign utilities to all alternatives and choose the one that maximises on utility. Restrictions puts constraints to people that they cannot change themselves and must therefore take them the way they are such as budgets. Opportunity cost which is induced by scarcity and the need to make choices, helps people in deciding against some other options. Two aspects of opportunit y cost are used, that is, static aspect and dynamic aspect. Static aspect is when utility maximization choices makes opportunity cost to be minimal. Dynamic aspect is where choices are revised if opportunity cost rises. The economic principle is where rationality to situations of scarcity   is applied. In this principle, one minimizes cost with reference to a certain goal or maximises utility for a given level of cost or input.it therefore allows efficiency   and avoids wasting valuable resources. In economic analysis, efficiency of activities, transactions and rules is a major theme. It is either assessd in terms of pareto criterion or economic principle.another principal is marginal analysis where economists look at problems however it is uncommon among non-economists. In economic analysis equilibrium is a fundamental notion. It is where economist think in terms of equilibrtia, situations where one is not capable of changing his or her behaviour. Game theory is another approach where situations of interdependence are studied and people have incentives to behave strategically.

The Influence of Developmentally Appropriately Practices on Academic Essay

The Influence of Developmentally Appropriately Practices on Academic Success in Preschool - Essay Example This affirms some of the cherished beliefs among professionals with regard to good curriculum practices while challenging others. In addition to gaining new knowledge, early childhood programs have experienced several important changes in recent years. The number of programs continue to increase not only in response to the growing demand for out-of-home child care, but also due to recognition of the critical importance of educational experiences during the early years (Willer et al., 1991; NCES, 1993). For example, in the late 1980s, the Head Start embarked on the largest expansion in its history. This expansion extended into the 1990s with a wide variety of new services for families with infants and toddlers. The National Education Goals Panel established their first goal that by the year 2000 all children will have access to high-quality and developmentally appropriate preschool programs (NEGP, 1991). The welfare reform portended a greatly increased demand for childcare services fo r even the youngest children from families with very low income. Some characteristics of early childhood programs have also changed in recent years. Increasingly, programs serve children and families from diverse cultural and linguistic backgrounds. It requires that all programs demonstrate how to understand and be responsive to cultural and linguistic diversity because culture and language are critical components of children’s development. Practices cannot be developmentally appropriate unless they are responsive to cultural and linguistic diversity. The context in which early childhood programs operate today is also characterized by ongoing debates about how best to teach children. They also discuss the kind of practices that is most likely to contribute to their development and learning. Perhaps, the most important contribution of the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) position statement on developmentally appropriate practices was that it cre ated an opportunity for increased conversation within and outside the early childhood education field (Bredekamp, 1987). In revising this position statement, NAEYC’s goal is not only to improve the quality of current early childhood education practices, but also to continue encouraging the kind of questioning and debate among early childhood professionals necessary for the continuous growth of professional knowledge in the field. A related goal is to express NAEYC’s position more clearly, so that effort will not be wasted in unproductive debates about apparent rather than real differences of opinion. Since the National Association for the Education of Young Children (NAEYC) first published the Developmentally Appropriate Practices (DAP) guidelines in 1987 (Bredekamp, 1987), later revised by Bredekamp and Copple (1997), the day-to-day experiences of millions of children have been affected. Over a million copies of the guidelines have been sold, and many teachers and ear ly childhood professionals have implemented DAP in their classrooms to some extent. While there is no

Leading discussion Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leading discussion - Assignment Example The defendant possessed a big collection of videos and photographs containing nude teenage boys involved in uncensored activities. Sharpe invoked the actions of the prosecutor as a violation of his right to freedom of expression, trying to prove the in-constitutionality of the Criminal Code provisions prohibiting possession of materials containing child pornography. Sharpe made an intensive attempt to refute the prosecutor’s arguments and to prove that he is not guilty of anything. The main legal issues that have arisen in this case regarded the following: a) is the possession of child pornography protected by the right to freedom of expression? b) are the provisions of the Criminal Code of Canada somehow infringing the liberties guaranteed by the Constitution? 2. Court’s ruling: The Court was forced to face and solve a constitutional challenge, aroused by a child pornography fan, which would have formed a powerful precedent in Canadian law. The Court agreed with the defendant in one thing: the prohibition of the Criminal Code provisions did represent a limitation of the freedom of expression. Nevertheless, this limitation was necessary in a country where morality is respected and protecting children is one of the main objectives of the whole society. However, the Court decided that possession of child pornography for exclusive personal usage does not harm the child directly, so it should not be outlawed. The charges against Sharpe were dropped, except the ones referring to the photographs. Sharpe was charged with the crimes of gross indecency (article 157 Criminal Code of Canada) and indecent assault against a minor boy (article 156 Criminal Code of Canada). 3. My opinion: I believe that ownership of child pornography for private usage should be also outlawed and declared as an exception to of the freedom of expression. It is almost impossible to control if the owner uses this material for

The Assessors Main Responsibilities Essay Example for Free

The Assessors Main Responsibilities Essay Assess the learner’s knowledge, understanding, skills and competence against the criteria set by the awarding body. The assessor must at all times display a fair and professional manner. High standards must be maintained and a thorough understanding of the standards and criteria each learner is working towards is needed. To plan and undertake assessments using the appropriate assessment methods for example, observation, questioning, discussion, recognising prior learning or examining work products. It is important to apply holistic assessment whenever the opportunity arises. All methods of assessment to be used must be agreed upon and understood by the learner. A thorough initial assessment of each learner must be done to ensure any special requirements can be met. It is important to be aware of learners targets and completion dates and work closely with teachers and tutors to ensure continuous progress is achieved. The assessor must support, guide and encourage learners through the assessment process and judge the competence of their work and recognise when a learner is ready for assessment. The assessor must ensure the assessment experience is a positive one for each learner, whether it has a formative or summative outcome. During assessment all VACSR (valid authentic current specific realistic) points must be followed to ensure all judgements and decisions are fair and correct. The assessor must promote equal opportunities at all times and take into account the individual needs and requirements of the learner. Every learner should be given an equal chance to succeed. After the assessment decision has been made constructive feedback must be given and any further planning and action that may be necessary must be agreed. The assessor must keep accurate and up to date assessment records so the learner can clearly understand and keep track of their progress and achievements. It is  important for the assessor to understand the value of reflective practice and continuous professional development (CPD). The assessor must undertake and provide proof of a minimum of 10 hours, 30 hours if a full time assessor of good quality CPD per year and be fully aware of current standardisation methods and procedures. To uphold their assessor status, the assessor will also be required to attend standardisation meetings and be observed carrying out assessment twice a year by the internal quality assurer (IQA). This ensures they are maintaining standards and have a full understanding of the criteria and may occasionally be observed by the external quality assurer (EQA) thus ensuring standards and quality are maintained at all times. The IQA will support any needs they feel the assessor may have. An up to date knowledge of centre policies and procedures for example, Safeguarding, Health and Safety, Equality and Diversity and be able to deal with appeals and disputes is also required.

Symbolism in Hedda Gabler :: essays research papers

The mid-nineteenth century realist playwright Alexandre Dumas wrote the following about his drama. â€Å"If†¦I can exercise some influence over society; if, instead of treating effects I can treat causes; if, for example, while I satirize and describe and dramatize adultery, I can find means to force people to discuss the problem, and the law-maker to revise the law, I shall have done more than my part as a poet, I shall have done my duty as a man†¦.We need invent nothing; we have only to observe, remember, feel, coordinate, restore†¦.As for basis, the real; as for facts, what is possible; for means, what is ingenious; that is all that can rightfully be asked of us.† Along with the realist dramatists of his time, Dumas wrote his plays with a noble mission: to ignite social change and to raise social awareness of a problem or issue through realistic dramatization of his environment. Like Dumas, Henrik Ibsen concerned himself with problems of human behavior and m orality in society. And like his predecessors, Ibsen used naturalistic writing to exhibit human beings as they really are and as they really behave in the culture of his time. But the reasons why Ibsen was more effective and successful at Dumas’ objective that was Dumas himself was because he abandoned happy and acceptable resolutions to his plays, confronted human behavior with honesty and acute observation, often raising disturbing and embarrassing questions, and left out the didactic solutions to the problems in question in favor of offering no solution, leaving his questions open to thought and interpretation. Ibsen saw his wild success as a playwright well before he died, and it was in great part due to his rejection of realist proponents like the emphasis of mainly external detail and his uproar-causing and shocking resolutions to his plays. But in addition and I think more importantly, Ibsen’s triumph was because of his reach ahead of his time and his inclusion of symbolist elements in his drama. While at the base a naturalist play, the symbols and images in Hedda Gabler bring immeasurable weight and power his naturalistic depiction of a woman constricted by her society and, whether because of this constriction or simply because of her inherent nature, intent on similarly sucking the life out of other individuals. Ibsen did not strive to write a symbolist play. Naturalist drama is much better suited for social change than is symbolist drama.

Employee right case study bea Essay

The Pledge of Loyalty is part of the baptismal of fire when you enter an organization. When you become part of a group, you are obliged to follow the pledge or if you cannot, just leave. And this will play a crucial role in the discussion of this case study. On the first question of Allen Lopez retaining his job, while the First Amendment states that Lopez’ airing of grievance is protected under the Freedom of Expression, he is, however, in conflict with the crime of defamation and for not observing employment restrictions and loyalty oaths. So while he is allowed to use whatever medium to state his feelings and ideas, the law allows his company to fire him for he endangers the security of his company’s workforce. On the second question on whether Lopez be forced to remove his website, the company may do one of two things. First, the company may petition for Temporary Restraining Order that will be issued by the court which will then order Lopez to freeze the website or to bring it down temporarily before the court decides on whether putting up the website did violate company laws as stated in the loyalty pledge. Second is to sue Lopez for damages and include in their motion that he bring down the website to curb further attacks on the company’s image. Lastly, on how ExtremeNet’s executives will respect Lopez’s rights and dignity, it is best for ExtremeNet to simply ask the court to bring the website down especially if it did not pose any significant negative effects in the dealings of the company. Allen Lopez has been a good employee and was only fighting for the welfare of the lower ranking employees. But still, it is in the discretion of ExtremeNet to either fire or retain Allen Lopez in the company. FindLaw. First Amendment – Freedom of Expression. eLaws. Employment Law Guide.

Cardiorespiratory Focus On Hypertension Health And Social Care Essay

The scenario concerns the survey of blood force per unit area scientific discipline and ordinance in the content of high blood pressure. Following, each aim is stated and so analyzed. A 31 twelvemonth old adult male goes to his GP because he has started to hold terrible concerns that come on all of a sudden at assorted times during the twenty-four hours. He is a fiscal analyst who works in a bank in Canary Warf. Many of his co-workers have been made redundant but he has kept his occupation, although his line director has made it clear that he may lose it in the following few months if the state of affairs does non better. He says he works at least 15 hours a twenty-four hours and his matrimony is enduring because of this. He is seeking to give up smoke ( 1-2 battalions per twenty-four hours ) but the emphasis of work has made this hard. He goes with friends out to a wine saloon on a regular basis and admits to imbibing to a great extent one time or twice a hebdomad. Further oppugning reveals that his male parent died aged 61 from a shot. On scrutiny he is found to hold a BMI of 34 and a blood force per unit area of 190/125 mmHg. Retinal scrutiny shows some abnorma lcies ( â€Å" silvering † ) in the blood vass. After look intoing the blood force per unit area reading on two farther occasions the GP suggests that his jobs are related to conceal blood force per unit area and refers him to the local high blood pressure clinic. After undergoing farther trials at the clinic he is started on drug therapy and given lifestyle advice. What is blood force per unit area and how is it regulated? Oxford medical dictionary defines blood force per unit area as â€Å" the force per unit area of blood exerted on the walls of blood vass † ( 1 ) . The maximal blood force per unit area exerted during systole when blood enters the aorta is called â€Å" systolic † whereas the minimal force per unit area exerted when aortal valves near during diastole is called â€Å" diastolic † . Figure 1 shows the alterations in force per unit area in aorta during cardiac rhythm bespeaking the systolic and diastolic force per unit areas. Fig. 1 – Systolic and diastolic force per unit areas ( 2 ) Blood force per unit area in the organic structure must be maintained in the normal degrees non merely to keep perfusion of blood to all the organic structure but besides to forestall unwanted complications due to high blood force per unit area. Therefore, the blood force per unit area should stay inside a scope of values. However, blood force per unit area frequently changes. During physical exercising higher force per unit area facilitates greater perfusion in the musculuss providing them with more O. Blood force per unit area depends on two chief parametric quantities: Cardiac end product ( C.O ) : Cardiac end product which is the sum of blood pumped from the bosom per minute depends on the shot volume and the bosom rate. Entire peripheral opposition ( T.P.R ) : It is the entire opposition exerted by the peripheral vasculature. This chiefly depends on the radius of the vass – narrower vass exert greater opposition. The above are linked with the undermentioned equation: M.A.P = C.O x T.P.R From the above relationship it is obvious that by altering the values of C.O or T.P.R the blood force per unit area ( average arterial force per unit area ) can alter every bit good. Based on this, three chief mechanisms are used to modulate blood force per unit area when it lies outside the normal scope: Neuronal system – Baroreceptors This is chiefly used for short term ordinance of blood force per unit area. Baroreceptors are detectors found in the internal carotid arteria ( carotid fistula ) and on the aorta ( aortal fistula ) ( 3 ) . These are detectors that can observe differences in stretch in these arterias bespeaking differences in blood force per unit area. These detectors are innervated by the Vagus ( X ) and glossopharyngeal ( IX ) nervousnesss which travel up to cardioinhibitory and vasomotor centre in the myelin of the encephalon. Increase in blood force per unit area ( high blood pressure ) increases the fire of baroreceptors to the vasomotor centre. This causes a lessening in the sympathetic nervous outflow doing relaxation of the arteriolas, therefore diminishing T.P.R. In add-on, the cardioinhibitory Centre increases the parasympathetic activity decelerating down the bosom rate, therefore cut downing C.O ( 4 ) . Consequently the M.A.P is decreased. The contrary applies when blood force per unit are a is low ( hypotension ) . Figure 2 is a diagrammatic representation of the baroreceptor physiological reaction. Fig. 2 – Baroreceptor physiological reaction ( 5 ) Hormonal system – RAAS system This system is for longer term ordinance of blood force per unit area every bit good as blood volume. Figure 3 presents the Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System.AldosteroneSecretionAngiotensinogenAngiotensin IIAngiotensin IFig. 3 – RAAS ( 6 ) In the kidneys Low Na concentration in the distal tubing, which indicates low blood force per unit area, is detected by sunspot densa cells. Furthermore, autumn in nephritic perfusion is detected by the juxtaglomerular setup. A bead in either of these two causes the release of renin from the kidney. In the pneumonic circulation renin is used to change over angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I. Angiotensin I is so split into Angiotensin II which is a vasoconstrictive. It besides acts on the adrenal secretory organs to let go of aldosterone. Aldosterone is a endocrine that increases the synthesis of Na+/K+-ATPase, therefore increasing Na and H2O resorption. On the whole, this mechanism increases both the volume of the blood and T.P.R to overall increase the force per unit area ( 7 ) . Atrial Natriuretic peptide ( ANP ) This is once more a hormonal manner of blood ordinance. Specialized atrial myocytes can feel increased stretching of the atrial walls of the bosom due to increased blood volumes. These let go of the ANP endocrine which decreases the release of chymosin in the blood ensuing in a lessening in the activity of RAAS. In add-on, it causes increased force per unit area in the capsule of the kidney by coincident relaxation of the afferent arteriola and bottleneck of the motorial arteriola so as to increase glomerular filtration rate. Define and sort high blood pressure. How is high blood pressure measured? WHO on its ain definition of high blood pressure states the followers: â€Å" Blood force per unit area, like tallness and weight, is a uninterrupted biological variable with no cut-off point dividing normotension from high blood pressure. The uninterrupted relationship between the degree of blood force per unit area and cardiovascular hazard makes any numerical definition and categorization of high blood pressure slightly arbitrary. Therefore, a definition of high blood pressure is normally taken as that degree of arterial blood force per unit area associated with doubling of long-run cardiovascular hazard † ( 8 ) High blood pressure can be classified in different ways harmonizing to the standards of categorization. Depending on the cause high blood pressure is classified in ( 9 ) : Essential – Primary high blood pressure: the cause in unknown. Secondary high blood pressure: there is an underlying obvious cause. Depending on the existent blood force per unit area degrees, British Hypertension Society guidelines sort Hypertension as presented on the tabular array below ( Fig.4 ) : Fig. 4 – British Hypertension Society categorization of blood force per unit area degrees ( 10 ) Sphygmometer is used to mensurate blood force per unit area of the brachial arteria. However, a individual elevated reading on scrutiny does non bespeak high blood pressure. This might be due to anxiousness and addition of sympathetic activity. This state of affairs is called the â€Å" white coat syndrome † . As a consequence, blood force per unit area must be measured more than one time every bit good as measured at place when the patient is relaxed. What are the physiological causes of high blood pressure? To get down with, it is indispensable to understand the scientific discipline behind the haemodynamics in order to be able to understand the physiological causes of high blood pressure: Independently of the cause, high blood pressure develops as a effect of one of the followers: High Intravascular volume: This means that there is a high volume of blood in the circulation that increases the venous return in the bosom. Consequently, this increases the preload and therefore the C.O taking to elevated blood force per unit area as described in the first aim. High intravascular volume may be due to increased H2O and salt keeping because of high angiotonin II and aldosterone concentrations, or nephritic tissue harm. Increased venous return: In this instance the intravascular volume is normal but there is increased venous tone which once more increases the venous return to the bosom. Abnormal arterial wall: This implies either reduced radius of arterial lms or decreased conformity. The first is true in increased sympathetic activity and atheromatous plaques formation. The latter is true in reduced snap and collagen replacing due to increased age or harm due to substances such as smoke. Merely 5-10 % of instances have an underlying obvious cause of high blood pressure. As mentioned earlier high blood pressure is categorized based on cause as follows: Essential In indispensable high blood pressure there is no obvious cause for high blood force per unit area. There is a assortment of hazard factors taking to this type of high blood pressure that will be explained subsequently. Different researches over the old ages have concluded to some theories that might explicate indispensable high blood pressure. These are ( 11 ) : High sympathetic tone: Increased sympathetic tone even when the individual is relaxed causes vasoconstriction of the arteriolas and finally hypertrophy of the smooth musculus in the vass. High salt in diet: High salt in diet has been related to keeping of H2O, increased blood volume and therefore high blood pressure Stress: As in our instance, emphasis increases the activity of sympathetic system. Stress for long periods causes hypertrophy of smooth musculus in arteriolas and contracting of their lms so that high blood pressure remains even in stress free periods. A combination of the above may be. Secondary Secondary high blood pressure may hold several causes as explained below: Nephritic disease: On one manus secondary high blood pressure may be due to stricture of a nephritic arteria. This triggers the RAAS system and increases blood force per unit area. On the other manus there may be devastation of the nephritic tissue taking to inability of kidneys to egest necessary sum of H2O or salt taking once more to high blood pressure. Endocrinological tumors: Tumours of secretory organs that secrete endocrines such as aldosterone. Hyperaldosteroinism ( Conn ‘s syndrome ) can take to hyper-secretion of aldosterone doing greater resorption of H2O and Na than normal ( 12 ) . Congenital aortal deformity: This is constriction of aorta which is fundamentally the narrowing of aorta, ensuing in reduced nephritic perfusion and activation of the RAAS system Combined Oral preventive pills: This is a type of drug induced high blood pressure. In this instance oestrogen administrated as a portion of the preventive pill acts as a vasoconstrictive and besides increases angiotensinogen ( 4 ) . Eclampsia – Pregnancy: Although the grounds behind this are non wholly clear, pre-eclampsia may be due to placental disfunction every bit good as immune response of the female parent against the placental tissue conveying about high blood pressure ( 13 ) . Hazard factors There are a figure of hazard factors responsible for developing high blood pressure which have been supported by a assortment of surveies. A survey published on 2006 based on informations collected on a population of American Indians indicates some of the undermentioned as hazard factors for high blood pressure ( 14 ) . These can be extrapolated for the general population. Hazard factors are non merely familial but besides environmental factors. Most of the below are true in our PBL scenario: African lineage Sexual activity gender – males: A research published late on Hypertension diary provinces that mistake signals in commanding of the sympathetic system exist between the two genders giving differences in the controlling of blood force per unit area ( 15 ) . Increasing age Low societal category High salt consumption, high fat diet Stress Fleshiness Chronic conditions such as diabetes, nephritic diseases, sleep apnoea. High intoxicants intake Smoking No exercising What are the symptoms and what are possible complications of high blood pressure? High blood pressure is known as the â€Å" soundless slayer † as most of the times is symptomless until it develops sudden complications such as shots or bosom onslaughts that can take to decease ( 16 ) . Often, the high blood pressure is non detected until a random look into up modus operandi is taken. However some people may see the followers: Dizziness Blurred vision ( due to damage of the retina of the oculus ) Concern Long-standing high blood pressure will finally do coronary artery disease with all the possible effects of the disease. Furthermore, it causes reconstructing – hypertrophy of the bosom taking to more dangerous state of affairss. Serious complications of high blood pressure are: Nephritic decease ( 17 ) : It can take to weakened or narrowed blood vass in kidney impairing its map. Stroke: Vessels of the encephalon may split or non good perfused taking to stroke. Heart onslaught: The bosom has to work harder to pump blood against greater force per unit area. This may develop bosom failure and inability of the bosom to pump blood to cover organic structure ‘s demands. Aneurysms: May do pouching in arterias taking to tearing them Vision loss: Due to damage of the little fragile vass of the oculus. What are the intervention and lifestyle alterations for the patient? A combination of drug intervention and lifestyle alterations is necessary for bar of the complications listed above ( 18 ) . The following table lists interventions and the mechanism they work. Drug Category Drug name Mechanism ACE inhibitors Enalapril They block the transition of angiotensinogen to Angiotensin I and therefore barricade the RAAS. Diuretic drugs Thiazides They increase the sum of H2O and salts excreted in the piss so that they decrease blood volume. I ±-blockers Doxazosin They work by barricading I ±1-adrenoreceptors on the walls of blood vass so that they cause vasodilatation. I?-blockers Atenolol They block I?1- adrenoreceptors on the bosom diminishing bosom rate and shot strength, therefore diminishing cardiac end product and finally force per unit area. CaC blockers Nifedipine They block the Ca channels forestalling Ca come ining the cell. As a consequence they prevent vasoconstriction. In add-on to the drug therapy the patient has to watch his diet by cut downing the Na and fat consumption. Exercise should go portion of his life and surcease of smoke and restricting intoxicant ingestion are necessary. Patient has to restrict his emphasis every bit much as possible and regular monitoring of blood force per unit area can be life salvaging.

music ap Essays

music ap Essays music ap Paper music ap Paper Essay Topic: Poetry The relative highness or lowness of a sound is called pitch Dynamics in music refers to how loud or soft A symphonic band consists mainly of brass, woodwind, and percussion instruments Symphonic bands differ from symphonic orchestras in that they do not contain a string section The saxophone is a single reed woodwind instrument Which of the following is not a double reed instrument? clarinet The ______ is similar in shape to the trumpet, but its tone is more mellow. cornet A dissonance is a combination of tones that is considered unstable and tense The central tone around which a musical composition is organized is called the tonic Modulation refers to a shift from one key to another within the same composition the dark ages in europe began about 450 with the disintegration of the Roman Empire The church frowned on instruments because of their earlier role in pagan rites most midieval music was gregorian chant In the Middle Ages the organ gradually evolved into a flexible instrument that could play intricate polyphonic music The first large body of secular songs that survives in decipherable notation was composed during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries by French nobles called troubadours and trouvà ¨res The French secular songs of the Middle Ages usually dealt with love, spinning, crusades Which of the following statements is not true of secular music in the Middle Ages? The medieval jongleurs, important sources of information in a time when there were no newspapers, were accordingly ranked on a high social level. The melody added to the Gregorian chant to form organum around 1100 was usually ______________ the original chant. more indipened and slower A chant that is used as the basis for polyphony is known as cantus firmus Secular music in the fourteenth century became more important than sacred music was not based on Gregorian chant included drinking songs and pieces in which bird calls, dog barks, and hunting shouts were imitated Which of the following statements is not true of Renaissance music? Instrumental music became more important than vocal music during the Renaissance. The texture of Renaissance music is chiefly polyphonic A cappella refers to unaccompanied choral music WRONG Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrinas career centered in Florence training, like Josquins, was in Flanders music includes 104 masses and some 450 other sacred works Which of the following composers is not an important madrigalist? Josquin Desprez The Renaissance ballett is a dancelike song for several solo voices Terpsichore, a collection of over 300 dance tunes, was arranged for instrumental ensemble by Michael Praetorius The ____________ is a stately dance in duple meter similar to the pavane. passamezzo Which of the following is not true of Venice in the sixteenth century? It was a part of the Papal States on the northeastern coast of Italy. wrong Which of the following statements is not true? St. Marks Cathedral in Venice employed up to twenty instrumentalists and thirty singers for grand ceremonies. The word baroque has at various times meant all of the following except naturalistic Baroque painters exploited their materials to expand the potential of ____________ to create totally structured worlds. color ornament and detail depth The early baroque was characterized by homophonic texture The solo instruments in Bachs Brandenburg Concerto No. 5 are the ____________, violin, and harpsichord. flute In many fugues, the subject in one voice is constantly accompanied in another voice by a different melodic idea called a(n) countersubject Turning the subject of a fugue upside down, or reversing the direction of each interval, is called inversion Bachs personal musical style was drawn from Italian concertos French dance pieces German church music A collection of compositions that displays all the resources of fugue writing is Johann Sebastian Bachs Art of the Fugue Although all the movements of a baroque suite are in the same key, they differ in meter national origin tempo The ____________ is an instrumental composition based on a chorale. chorale prelude A symphony is a sonata for orchestra The double bass in the classical orchestra, as in Mozarts Eine Kleine Nachtmusik, usually doubles the cello part an octave lower Typical in classical music, the string bass part in Mozarts Eine Kleine Nachtmusik sounds an octave lower than the cello part The usual order of movements in a classical symphony is fast, slow, dance-related, fast A classical concerto is a three-movement work for instrumental soloist and orchestra The most important form of classical chamber music is the string quirtet The piano trio is a musical composition for violin, cello, and piano Haydn was fortunate in having a long and fruitful, as well as financially stable relationship with the noble Hungarian family of Esterhzy Haydn was a prolific composer, as demonstrated in part by his 68 string quartets and 104 symphonies Which of the following statements is not true? The finale of Beethovens Ninth Symphony is based on Schillers poem about human brotherhood, Ode to Joy. Beethoven opened new realms of musical expression that profoundly influenced composers throughout the nineteenth century. Like Haydn and many other composers of the classical period, Beethoven was most successful financially when in the service of the aristocracy. In the finale of his Ninth Symphony, Beethoven took the unprecedented step of using a chorus and four solo vocalists. Like Haydn and many other composers of the classical period, Beethoven was most successful financially when in the service of the aristocracy. Drawing creative inspiration from cultures of lands foreign to the composer is known as exoticism A romantic composer who earned his living as a touring virtuoso was Franz Liszt The German composers of art songs favored, among others, the lyric poetry of Johann Wolfgang von Goethe and Heinrich Heine Robert Schumanns works are intensly autobiographical. usually linked with descriptive titles, texts, or programs. essentially lyrical in nature. Liszt created the ______________, a one-movement orchestral composition based to some extent on a literary or pictorial idea. symphonic poem Besides his musical achievements, Mendelssohn was a talented painter brilliant conversationalist in four languages fine writer Instrumental music endowed with literary or pictorial associations is called _______ music. program Tchaikovsky participated as a conductor in a concert inaugurating Carnegie Hall in New York The German master _____________ recommended DvoYks music to his own publisher, resulting in a rapid spread of DvoYks fame. Johannes Brahms The librettos to The Ring of the Nibelung were written by Wagner himself Striking a group of adjacent keys on a piano with the fist or forearm will result in a tone cluster Which of the following is not characteristic of neoclassicism? misty atmosphere Neoclassical composers modeled many of their works after the compositions of Johann Sebastian Bach Sergei Diaghilev was the director of the Russian Ballet In the 1950s Stravinsky dramatically changed his style, drawing inspiration from Anton Webern Schoenbergs third period, in which he developed the twelve-tone system, began around 1921 Which of the following statements regarding Alban Berg is untrue? He composed a great quantity of music in all forms. Weberns Five Pieces for Orchestra are scored for chamber orchestra of eighteen soloists Porgy and Bess is a(n) opera In 1921 Copland went to France, where he was the first American to study composition with Nadia Boulanger A jazz sound results from its variety of pitch inflections the type of vibrato employed the particular way tones are attacked and released Which of the following statements is not true? Jazz is generally played by a small combo of three to eight players, or by a big band of ten to fifteen. Jazz can be described generally as music rooted in improvisation and characterized by syncopated rhythm, a steady beat, and distinctive tone colors and techniques of performance. Jazz can be notated as easily as any other musical form. Some jazz improvisations are based not on a melody but on a harmonic pattern, or series of chords. Jazz can be notated as easily as any other musical form. treemonisha is a(n) _______________ by Scott Joplin. opera The king of ragtime is acknowledged to be Scott Joplin The poetic and musical form of the blues was popularized in the early years of the twentieth century through the publication of Memphis Blues and St. Louis Blues, composed by William C. Handy The blues usually follow a 12-bar pattern as a basis for improvisation can be happy or sad, fast or slow may be vocal or instrumental Vocal blues often contain sexual references are intensely personal deal with the pain of betrayal, desertion, and unrequited love New Orleans style Dixieland flourished in the United States from 1900 to 1917 The typical form of a swing composition is 32 bar aaba One of the leading figures in the history of jazz, and the composer of such compositions as Black, Brown, and Beige and Sophisticated Lady, is duke ellington which of the following statements not true? Operetta, or comic opera, combines song, spoken dialogue, and dance, with sophisticated musical techniques. The main section of a musical comedy song is called the verse. The sources of the American musical include operetta, vaudeville, and the revue. A musical comedy aims to entertain through fusion of a dramatic script, acting, and spoken dialogue with music, singing, and dancing and with scenery, costumes, and spectacle. The main section of a musical comedy song is called the verse. Revues in the first decades of the twentieth century featured pretty, scantily clad young women who sang and danced featured comedians who performed sketches were often satirical Slaughter on Tenth Avenue, the ballet used in the climax of On Your Toes, was choreographed by George Balanchine Which of the following American musicals is not by Stephen Sondheim? of thee i sing Which of the following statements is not true of Leonard Bernsteins music? It is frequently atonal. Which of the following is not a function of film music? provide songs for the actors to sing Movie soundtracks can contain original music and previously existing compositions Since the 1960s most film music is composed by freelance composers During the last few years, moviegoers have taken a greater interest in film music A folk-like, guitar-based style associated with rural white Americans is known as country and western Which of the following was not among the leading performers of rhythm and blues in the 1950s? Aretha Franklin Chuck Berry Little Richard Bo Diddley Aretha Franklin Which of the following statements is not true? During the 1960s, the popular music scene was basically confined to the English form of rock. The Supremes and Stevie Wonder were among the many Motown stars. A new era in rock history began in 1964 with the American tour of the Beatles, an English group. The rhythm and blues of the 1950s differed from earlier blues in its more powerful beat and its use of the saxophone and electric guitar. During the 1960s, the popular music scene was basically confined to the English form of rock. Many of the bands in the second British invasion (1980s) used electronic technology and often featured outlandish costumes An important trend of the 1980s was world music A method of singing used by males to reach notes higher than their normal range is called falsetto The Beatles were influenced by many different styles, but not by Motown Which of these recordings can be considered a unified song cycle? Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band Name two of the four properties of musical sound. pitch dynamics Define p and f. p piano f forte Name three string instruments. violin, guitar, banjo Name three woodwind instruments. flute and saxaphone, trumpet Name two brass instruments. cornet, horn Name two percussion instruments. triangle, bass drum Name one of the two giants of Baroque composition. handel, bach Name one of the three Classical composers. bethoven In the Romantic Era, more music was written for what particular instrument? piano Name any two 20th Century composers. duke ellington, john cage

Last Minute ACT Prep Programs

Last Minute ACT Prep Programs SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips If you don’t have much time left before the ACT, you may be wondering how you can maximize your scores with a short term study plan. If you’re looking for a big score improvement and you only have a few days before the test, you might not be able to reach your goal this time, but you can get a good head start towards it (and you’ll be better prepared to study harder before your next test session). But if you only need to improve by one or two points, really intense studying for a few hours could get you where you want to be, if you have some clear weaknesses you didn't know about! In this article I'll show how to create a last minute ACT study program and give last minute ACT tips to boostyour score. Time-Based Study Plans The first thing you should do is think about how many hours you can realistically devote to ACT prep in the short time you have before the test.Make sure to factor in sleep and all of your other commitments! The 5 Hour Plan If you can only fit in 5 hours of prep time between now and the ACT (and this is your first time studying), your best bet is to just take a practice test.This can help give you a little bump in your scores, especially if you don’t have much experience with the test until now.Make sure you take your practice test with realistic time constraints and with all the resources you will have on the real test (calculator, scrap paper, quiet environment). On the other hand, if you’ve already taken a bunch of practice tests, taking another one at this point probably isn’t going to do much. Instead, spend your five hours looking into mistakes you’ve made on questions in the past and planning how to avoid them. If that's too broad of a target, just focus on the section that is most difficult for you. You should also make sure you’re doing ok on time. Get a sense of how long you’re spending on questions so you know when to move on when you take the real test. On th ACT this means no more than a minute for Math questions, no more than 30 seconds for English questions, and no more than 45 seconds for Reading and Science questions. If you find yourself spending more time than this on a question, you need to skip it and move on to the next question so you don’t run out of time. You don’t want to miss easy points at the end of a section because you got stuck on a tough question! The 15 Hour Plan With fifteen hours of prep, you still have enough leeway to make significant improvements in your scores. Here's a rough idea of how you might spend your study time: Hours 0-5: Take a Practice Test Use this time to take a practice test so you can see where you stand score-wise and which questions are giving you the most trouble. Again, make sure you replicate the time constraints of the real ACT so you will know if time pressure is a problem for you. Hours 5-10: Dig Into Your Mistakes For each question you answer incorrectly, make sure you know why your choice was incorrect and how to arrive at the correct answer. You should also review questions where you had to resort to guessing (even if you got them right).There are four maincategories of mistakes on the ACT: 1. Time Crunch: You didn’t make it to the question Study Game Plan: Practice doing questions within the time constraints for the ACT so you get used to moving faster. You should be comfortable with skimming reading passages and skipping questions that are taking up too much of your time. Remember that you get a minute for Math questions, 30 seconds for English questions, and 45 seconds for Reading and Science questions. 2. Question Comprehension: You were tricked by the question or misinterpreted it Study Game Plan:Train yourself to slow down a bit and read questions more carefully. It's often helpful to write down the question in simpler form before answering to prevent yourself from getting confused. You should also practice similar questions so the format becomes more familiar to you. 3. Unfamiliar Content: You didn’t know the material covered in the question Study Game Plan: This is where a program like PrepScholar could really help you because it focuses on your weak content areas.Alternatively, find a source for lesson material on the topic you don’t understand and practice more questions that are similar. This poor guyencountered an ACT question with unfamiliar content AND entered into a cube-based alternate reality from which there is no escape. Luck was just not on his side today. 4. Silly Mistake: You should have known the correct answer, but you spaced out Study Game Plan:Work on your time management so you leave yourself time at the end of a section to go over your answers. You should also make sure you’re not going through questions faster than you need to and making careless mistakes as a result. Hours 10-15: Zero in on Your Problem Areas Now that you know the nature of your mistakes, focus on the specific test sections or types of questions where you have the most difficulty.Practice relevant questions and review any content that seems unfamiliar. You might also consider getting the PrepScholar program, which has shown a1-2 point ACT score improvement for 15 hours of use. It does your work for you by diagnosing your weak spots on the test and helping you practice questions in those areas until they become second nature. You can also use PrepScholar to study for subsequent tests if you’re planning on taking the ACT again. Some Final Advice for Last Minute Studying Here are a few overall tips for last minute ACT studying that will help you stay on track with your prep program. Make sure you know the formulas and grammar rules that you’ll need for the test The ACT does require you to know some formulas for the math section, so be sure you’re prepared.It’s also helpful to know the grammar that’s being tested so you’ll feel more confident in your answers on the English section. Analyze your mistakes on practice questions This is what’s going to help you make the most progress in the shortest amount of time.Make sure you fully understand your mistakes and know how to avoid them in the future if you come across similar questions. Check your timing As detailed in the 5 hour plan, make sure you’re not lingering on questions.Get used to how it feels to spend 30 seconds or a minute on a question so you can judge your efficiency during the real test. If you’re taking ACT with writing, come up with some examples you might use in your essay It’s really important to include concrete support for your essay argument.Try to come up with a couple of versatile examples you could incorporate into your essay so that you have something ready to go! Not an acceptable essay, no matter how much teen angst you feel. Looking Ahead If you think you will take the ACT again after this, try to plan your studying further ahead of time for the next test date.If you're looking for big point improvements, you’re probably not going to get there with a bunch of short cram sessions.Improving more than six points, for example, might take over 100 hours of prep. Here are estimates for the number of hours of studying that correspond to certain point improvements: 0-1 ACT Composite Point Improvement: 10 hours1-2 ACT Point Improvement: 20 hours2-4 ACT Point Improvement: 40 hours4-6 ACT Point Improvement: 80 hours6-9 ACT Point Improvement: 150 hours+ Start by figuring out your target ACT score and then determine what you’re going to need to do to get there.Take a look at these study plans to start thinking about how you might structure your time before your next shot at the ACT.Remember that last minute prep can be helpful, but it shouldn't be the only way you study! What's Next? Check out ourfast ACT prep planfor more ideas on how to make the most of last minute studying and dramatically raise your score. Are you trying to find some better study materials? Take a look at this list of the best ACT prep books of 2015. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 23

Summary - Assignment Example However, while doing this, controversies and tradeoffs have been the order of the day. Zoos have also had to deal with issues of conservation of endangered species, and determining which species are endangered. The issue of elephants in captivity has been raising standoffs between animal welfare advocates and zoos (Cohn 714). On one hand, animal rights advocated feel that zoos have inadequate space to house a sufficient number of elephants comfortably. On the other hand, zoos feel that they are constantly improving and expanding. Zoos further argue that they prefer to house elephants because those elephants living in the wild are exposed to human conflicts, poaching, habitat loss, drought, and disease, a scenario that is not experienced if the elephants are housed in zoos. Animal welfare advocates are known to claim that keeping elephants in zoos has been causing baby elephants to be separated from their mothers, and those that have lived together for many years being split as they are sent to different zoos (Cohn 715). Birdwhistell used a film showing elephants being visited by families at zoos to demonstrate that physical gestures are cultural specific and not universal. According to Birdwhistell, the elephants held in zoos are like captives (Rothfels 480). They are usually irrelevant to the people who come to visit and view them at the zoos. He does not understand why people choose to interact with extraordinary animals such as elephants in small confined spaces such as zoos instead of visiting them in their natural habitats. He describes these interactions as limiting and pointless (Rothfels 481). Zoos are not a reflection of the world as it because they simply provide a fascinating paradigm of how people view the world. The animals in zoos are not as they are in real life because they are simply a creation of how we, or the designers of zoos, want them to be. Captive breeding has been under scrutiny because many critics have been

The problems of Cyprus Airways during the recent years Essay

The problems of Cyprus Airways during the recent years - Essay Example It flies to many destinations in Europe, the Middle East and the Gulf region through its scheduled operations. Its main operational base was the Nicosia International Airport, which had to be abandoned in 1974 subsequent to the Turkish invasion of the Turkish areas of Cyprus. It now uses the Larnaca International Airport as its main hub and also has a hub at Paphos International Airport. It was on September 24, 1947 that Cyprus Airways came into being as a joint business venture consisting of the Cypriot government, British European Airways and private investors. Commercial operations started on April 18, 1948 through a Douglas DC – 3 aircraft flying on regional routes out of Nicosia, the capital of Cyprus. On the basis of a charter agreement use of British European Vickers Viscount airliners commenced five years later on April 18, 1953. Another five years down the line British European Airways took over the operational aspects of all Cyprus Airways services from January 26, 1958. Expansions to the business activities of Cyprus Airways took place through the establishment of a wholly-owned charter subsidiary in 1992, as a means to tap the growing IT charter market in and out of Cyprus. A decade down the line it founded Hellas Jet in Athens, Greece, in 2002 with a seventy-five percent share in the carrier. These were the days of prosperity for Cyprus Airways. The current ownership of the Cyprus is more than sixty-nine percent with the Government of Cyprus and the rest with private shareholders making it a more of a public sector undertaking. It has tried to incorporate quality as strategy in its business model with its Business class and Economy class offering upgraded in-flight service that goes well in comparison with the quality conscious international airlines. (1). In May 2004, Cyprus joined the European Union and by August 2004, Cyprus Airways was fighting for its survival (2). In 2004 Cyprus Airways reported a net loss of CYP 39.4 million,

Satanism and Suicide in the School Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Satanism and Suicide in the School - Case Study Example For this case study, the potential positive consequences include agreeing with the parents that the Halloween holiday has no place in the school. Negative consequences include disagreeing with the parents and allowing the pupils to attend the Halloween party. The risk here will be discontentment from parents who might decide to transfer their pupils and as a result, be fired by the school’s board (Callison and McAllister 84). I will evaluate the outcome of my decision/the school’s decision based on the pupils performance, parents and boards approval or support, and the number of pupils who joins the school. Reach a compromise agreement with the parents will enhance learning, and improve the school’s performance. In this case study, the problem that needs to be resolved is that of a pupil in the school who has thoughts of committing suicide, and as such, as the principle I need to decide what to do. This process should involve the pupil, his/her parents, his/her immediate teacher and a counselor. I will need to communicate to the pupil, his/her parents, and his/her immediate teacher. The potential positive for this case is getting the pupil to change his attitudes and help the pupil to give away that disturbing wish and thought of wanting to die; simply keeping the pupil alive (Callison and McAllister 106). For this case, a negative consequence will be to fail to get the pupil some substantial help, thus resulting in the pupil committing suicide. I will evaluate my decision based on whether the pupil is able to fend that suicidal feeling and stay alive or not. In case, the pupil does not get help and ends up committing suicide, the other pupils and the entire school community will be devastat ed.  

Global Business And Culture Analysis Of Croatia Cultural Studies Essay

Global Business And Culture Analysis Of Croatia Cultural Studies Essay The analysis of the cultural perspectives of doing business in this paper is concentrated on the outline of the culture of graduate students taking Business Administration in Croatia an U.S as this group is the one that will gradually assume the leading role in the Croatian and American economy and business community. The research gives comprehensive understanding of dimensions and elements of culture in Croatia and America, how these elements and dimensions are integrated by locals conducting business and lastly the implications of US businesses that wish to conduct business in Croatia. In order be unbiased in the generalization of the findings, simple random sampling was used to select the respondents for this study. Comparison of cultures has been done through measuring their magnitude (Hofstede, 2001). Nevertheless, the magnitudes used to weigh against cultures are usually not physical dimensions but, rather are dealings of the attitudes and values that dissimilar cultures contain. Some of the dimensions of culture were those developed by Ali Alshawi (2005) which include: (1) Uncertainty avoidance (2) Power Distance (3) Masculinity/femininity (4) Individualism/collectivism (5) Confucian Dynamism (6) Universalism- Particularism, (7) Neutral vs. Emotional Relationship Orientations(8) Achievement vs. Ascription (9) Conservatism vs. Affective/intellectual autonomy (10) Hierarchy vs. Egalitarian (11) Harmony vs. Mastery (13) Communal Sharing Relationships (14) Authority Ranking Relationships (15) Equality Matching Relationships (16) Market Pricing Relationships. Investigation was conducted to establish the measurement of the customs which resulted in momentous level of sway in the viewpoints of conducting trade. The report of graduate scholars who are enrolled in Business Administration might not necessarily signify a real picture of the typical or universal outline of the business customs in Croatia, hence becoming a constraint to the study. The paper concludes by proposing the right moves in business that can be made in order to make a successful transaction. Key words Culture, cultural dimensions, business environment Introduction Culture can be defined as the way of life of people including language, sciences and art, their interaction, spirituality as well as their social activity, convections, protocols and their negotiations (Shahla, 2002). In order to make sure that people work together proficiently and together towards business objectives in a positive and motivating environment, they need to be aware of the existence and importance of both a corporate culture and international culture. In foreign countries, getting everybody to work together might not be very easy. Apart from language issues, different countries have different approaches to work. Some cultures take offense of certain comments. A Christmas party might not be seen too keen by non-Christian religions. Cultural sets of beliefs and differences cannot be easily changed or overcome (Hofstede, 1991). But it is important for any business owner or manager to be aware of them and how they impact their business. This will help to adjust to them and improve efficiency, profitability and success of business. Problem statement Culture is defined as the standards and manners of a group of people or community. Culture also determines how a country does business that. Understanding the difference in cultures of different county is a step in succeeding business in a foreign country. This research paper was aimed at establishing different cultural perspectives of doing business in Croatia. Objective The main objective of the research was to ascertain the cultural perspectives of doing business in Croatia. This objective was achieved through the following specific research objectives. To determine the major elements of dimensions of culture in Croatia. To ascertain how dimensions of culture are integrated by locals in business. To assess the difference in Croatian and US culture and Business. To determine the implication of US business wishing to be conducted in Croatia. Significance of the study The study provided an understanding of Croatian culture which is indispensable when it comes to successfully running business in Croatia. Limitation of the study As far as this study is concerned the challenge presented here in is that the profile of the scholars may not give a real scenario of the business as far as culture is concerned in America and Croatia (Hofstede, 2001). Financial constraints led to selection of a small sample size which might not be an entire representation of the entire population. Literature review Culture defined From the perspective of a humanist, the one Mathew Arnold used the word culture to pass on to an ideal of individual human refinement, of the finest that has been thought and said in the world.  This idea of culture is comparable to the  German concept of  building: According to an anthropologist Kroeber and Kluckhohn culture can be defined as: Consisting or else being made up of implicit as well as explicit patterns, and behavior transmitted and acquired through symbols with different achievements from groups of human beings (McCoy, 2003).   As a replacement for defining culture as a kind of knowledge, McGrew suggests that Culture can be looked into as a number of steps which may include the following (i) a novel prototype of performance is made-up, or else one which is already existing is modified. (ii) Modernizer transforms this prototype to another one. (iii) A kind of the prototype is steady across and within players, conceivably even in terms of identifiable features considered stylistic. (iv) One who obtains the prototype keeps the capability to do it long post acquiring it. (v) The prototype extends across units which constitute a population e.g. troops, clans, or bands just to mention but a few. (vi) The prototype bears transversely generations There exist three kinds of culture which are of great significance according to Ali Alshawi (2004a). They include; national culture which includes several core values meant to shape the individuals behavior and the entire society not forgetting organizational culture (Adler 1997; Bagchi and Cerveny 2003). Finally, there exist a level of individual culture according to Dorfman and Howell (1988). Their study shows the impact of national civilization on the behavior of an individual. The business civilization of a particular country is as a result of a number causes from its present and past which are so abnormal such that they can never be finally and fully explained or understood. Overview of Croatian culture Croatia became a constituent republic of the Federative Popular Republic of Yugoslavia after the Second World War, which inherited the ex-Yugoslav kingdom with art governed by the canon of socialist realism and science and education governed by the canon of dialectic and historical materialism. Self-management system was introduced in 1950s. Cultural and other public domains were decentralized and regulated on the level of the six constituent republics. Modernization and the global openness of the country brought various cultural influences. Ideological control over culture loosened, followed by a national movement in which cultural and educational institutions played a visible role. Despite the ensuing political repression the public policies led to greater autonomy of the republics in the federation. The current government was appointed in 2009, after the political shifts caused by resignation of the former prime minister (2004-2009). Greek, Roman and Byzantine are the blends of Croatia, the majority of the population is Croats. Minorities include Serbs, Hungarians and Gypsies. Although Croatia is a sovereign nation, it has a unique culture that has been driven numerous civilizations and empires. It is well known for the rich culture it has, natural beauty, and many national parks and successful tourism industry. Ethics Ethics is the common agreed upon practice of different moral principles or values. It concentrates on the general nature of morals and the specific moral choice an individual makes in relationship to others. It represents the rules and/or standards governing the conduct of the member of a profession. The context of this inquiry will be ethics applied to business. Business ethics in Croatia is perceived as good. In business operation, the regulations are not violated massively, especially in transactions with domestic partners. As far as the accomplishment of contract obligations are concerned, the impression is good. Religion Croatians are mainly Roman Catholic, with small percentages of Uniates (Eastern Orthodox Christians, recognizing the pope), Protestants, and Muslims. Some pre-Christian essentials have been included into Christian practices and beliefs. Other influences on Croatian religious beliefs and practices have come from European and Near Eastern cultures, from rural and urban traditions alike, resulting in an amalgam of different heritages. Sacred and religious aspects of traditional culture were neglected during the Socialist period because religion was relegated solely to the private sphere of life. Catholic Church has a role to play as far as Croatian society is concerned. The pastor participates significantly in the countrys culture as well as education education. Croatians are particularly loyal to Blessed Virgin Mother Mary. There exist asylums all over the nation state put up in her honor. Every town and village has a supporter saint and that saints feast day is distinguished with a ch urch and parade rite. Some of the rural communities still do have a conventional beacon on their supporter saints day. Many specialized persons also do have their own supporter saint. Religious conviction is a key in uniting the culture of Croatian, greater part of the Croatians is subscribed to Roman Catholic. During a Roman Catholic holiday, commercial activities close. Patrons of each and every town and city in Croatia lead the celebration of saints holiday. The Catholic Church has for ages aided the development of Croatias history and culture, it carrys on to be seen in everyday Croatian life. National Pride Croatians love their heritage and country and when criticized they take it very personally. Hence, Croatians at one time can be seen as being proud, pretentious and may seem haughty to foreigners. Nationalists Croats can be considered as extremely self-important of their custom and ethnicity and hence are considered to be staunch nationalists. Croats refer their nation as Our Beautiful Homeland (Lijepa naÃ…Â ¡a).This emerges that it is the same title as that one of the national anthem of their country. The intellect of patriotism emerges both from their extended and wealthy civilization as well as a inheritance of foreign control and invasion. Folklore plays an important part in culture preservation. Life understanding is transformed into poetic songs, verse, fairy tales, melodies, symbolic rituals, costumes, dance, music as well as jewellery just to mention but a few. Poems and Folksongs frequently show to the feeling and consider between members of the family. Social structure In as far as this society is concerned; the family still remains to be the basic unit of the society. Extended family is also recognized in this society and the members remains very close to each other. Basic commodities as well as security to some extent, is provided by the family to its members. Weekends are well thought-out as time meant to be spent by the members of the family together. This society values family to an extent that they will not allow business matters to interfere with their family lives. Dimensions of culture According to McCoy (2003), the highly considered concept of culture is the dimensions of culture by Hofstede. An all-encompassing dimensions of culture were projected by Alshawi and Ali (2005) using a normative review of literature in the field of culture. These dimensions are labeled: (1) Uncertainty avoidance (2) Power Distance (3) Masculinity/femininity (4) Individualism/collectivism (5) Confucian Dynamism (6) Universalism- Particularism, (7) Neutral vs. Emotional Relationship Orientations(8) Achievement vs. Ascription (9) Conservatism vs. Affective/intellectual autonomy (10) Hierarchy vs. Egalitarian (11) Harmony vs. Mastery (13) Communal Sharing Relationships (14) Authority Ranking Relationships (15) Equality Matching Relationships (16) Market Pricing Relationships. Hofstede identified four dimensions: Uncertainty avoidance (UA) Vagueness evasion echoes or rather shows a cultures acceptance of vagueness and reception of menace. Degree to which community in a nation state prefers prearranged over formless situations: from relatively flexible to extremely rigid. Power Distance (PD) Power distance refers to the sharing of power within a society. Extent of disparity in the midst of people, which the inhabitants of a nation state do consider as normal: from relatively equal to extremely unequal. Masculinity/femininity (MF) The masculinity femininity measurement does explain the extent to which cultures overriding values are nurturing or assertive. Individualism/collectivism (IC) Extend to which persons in nation gain knowledge of acting as an individual instead of collective members of a cluster, moving to individualist from collectivist. Referred in this dimension is how individuals identify and relate with others. Individual attention compared to group interests dominates in an individualistic culture. It is therefore evident that the links in between are very tight. Communities ensure that they do take care of entire community. That is the elderly and the young. Masakazu (1994) defines modern individualism as a vision of humankind that gives good reason for internal unilateral self-assertion and beliefs, as well as antagonism based on these. In a communalist society, the considerations of the group triumph upon the attention of the personality. People are incorporated into strong and cohesive in-groups that carry on throughout a life span to defend in exchange for unthinking loyalty. Variation is displayed in who is considered when goals are set. In nonco nformist societies, goals are set with negligible deliberation given to groups other than possibly your direct family. In communalist societies, other crowds are taken into consideration seriously when goals are set. Individualist societies are freely incorporated; communalist societies are strongly incorporated (McGrew, 1998). One tends to define people by what they have done, their accomplishments, what kind of car they have. The question is do we function in a group or as individuals? Cultures of communitarism stress common goals and collective work (teamwork), while cultures of individualism value more individual success and creativity. Confucian Dynamism The fifth dimension of culture was acknowledged by Bond and Hofstede (1984). It is also tagged as long term vs. short term life orientations. This dimension portrays cultures that vary from values that have a short duration in relation to customs and reciprocity in relations in the society to values that are persistent and order a relationship on the criteria. The extent to which, communities or rather citizens promote collective harmony and welfare, resulting in psychological collectivism. Trompenaars (1993) defines the following dimensions: Universalism-Particularism The extent to which, communities or rather citizens weigh against generalist rules about what is right with more situation-specific relationship obligations and unique circumstances. In the context of business, what is of importance is regarded to be individuals behavior Particularism is the lower level in this type of dimension which implies giving inclination to an approach that is flexible for each specific problem Whereas universalism is the higher level of this dimension, it has the meaning of being strict in observing rules and other set standards. Neutral vs. Emotional Relationship Orientations The extent to which, communities or rather citizens weigh against objective and detached interactions with interactions where emotions is more readily expressed. In the neutral concept, emotions are barred from being displayed or shown. Where as in the effective concept, displaying emotions in a business relationship is acceptable Specific vs. Diffuse Orientations The extent to which communities in are engaged in a business relation and encounters are marked and set apart both in private and work. What matters is the acceptance of specific responsibilities assigned. The higher level of this dimension is diffuse where various relations interwoven compared to the lower level specific in which there is little intermixing of private relations Achievement vs. Ascription The extent to which, communities or rather citizens consider individual achievements as a measure with those where an individual is give specific status on the basis of membership to a group or birth grounds etc In the concept of achievement, status is got when an individual shows competence unlike in ascription where its achieved though a recognized status in title, gender, age, hierarchy, etc Schwartz (1994), defined the following dimensions: Conservatism vs. Affective/intellectual autonomy It is the extent to which citizen insist on maintaining the initial status (conservatism) or intellectual autonomy gaining pleasure and a life that is exiting Culture Dimension Definition Hierarchy vs. Egalitarian It is the extent to which individuals consider equality and freedom as a distress to others (Egalitarian), vs. Hierarchy This emphasizes on the genuineness of flat resources and responsibilities Harmony vs. Mastery It is the extent to which citizen concerned with conquering impediments in a societal setup mastery versus the distressful point of view regarding unity with the natural set up and harmoniously being fit in the environment These dimensions were emphasized by Fiske (1992): Communal Sharing Relationships This perception is related to Hofstedes opinion of collectivism. It is the extent to which citizen see the members of a given cluster as equal and at times are quite unreceptive to those coming from outside of the cluster. Authority Ranking Relationships It is the extent to which citizen involve linearity in relationship ordering with higher ranking individuals who have the rights to make decisions, enjoys privilege and are responsible for individuals at the bottom in the hierarchy. According to Schwartz (1994), this idea does not correspond with Hofstadters conception of power distance Equality Matching Relationships It is the extent to which citizens emphasize on social equalities in relations. The community has knowledge of the inequalities. Market Pricing Relationships It is the extent to which individuals have their mentality fixed to investments and Perception of dominant business culture It was examined with Trompenaars replica of four different cultures. This included a framework built on two dimensions i.e. (1) Task orientation versus person and (2) Centralization or hierarchy versus decentralization or egalitarian implying power, role, project and fulfillment orientations Research Problem Following the Trompenaars model of four diversity cultures this study aimed to ascertain the cultural perspectives of doing business in Croatia. Research Methodology Probability sampling approach was used as the research method. This method had the advantage of non biasness in generalization of findings. The research used simple random sampling; the instruments for data capture were open ended questionnaires formulated using interpretive approach to look at cultural occurrences through Trompenaars model. Research Questions The research questions were how and in what ways might the cultural dimensions, and their elements of Croatian locals affect their perspectives of doing business and the implications of US businesses wishing to be conducted in Croatia. Research hypothesis Instead of developing a hypothesis, the research was underpinned to determine different perspectives of culture in the Croatian community in relation to doing business, Research sample To define the case, the research unit of analysis was the cultural perspectives of doing business in graduate students taking Business Administration from the Faculty of Economics at the University of Ljubljana in Croatia and Stanford Graduate school of Business Sample size University Sample Size Percentage University of Ljubljana 68 61.81% Stanford Graduate school of Business 42 38.19% Total 110 100% Answer to research Questions Question 1: what are the major elements and Dimensions of Culture in Croatia? For Universalism versus Particularism dimension: Croatians are individualistic, a practice that results in lack of understanding when relating in an organization and dealing with clients. Also, Croatians are used to television and other forms of media than reading magazines and the internet; this is as a result of their system of education. In the dimension Individualism vs. Communitarism, The cultural dimension affects the organizational staffing (organizations) more than people in the society. For Uncertainty avoidance dimension: Croatians have a need to work hard, provision of rules and regulations and observe punctuality For Power Distance dimension: the Croatian community have a view that is more power with those at senior most management levels ; although the organizational culture would have a view different from the insight of power distance This affect how clients are having their issues resolved since the rely on individuals high ranking in an organization as they are considered to be powerful For Masculinity/femininity dimension, Croatians are inclined to having very affectionate relationship which cultivates a tight association with family members and acquaintances which from time to time make them reliant on each other in making decisions. It has got the advantage or remaining in contact for a long time. For Confucian Dynamism Dimension: The Confucian work dynamism is now refereed to as long term orientation versus short term orientation to life. This dimension encompasses such principles as frugality, perseverance, having a sense of embarrassment, and an ordered relationship. Confucian work dynamism attributes to committed, aggravated, accountable, and knowledgeable people with a sense of dedication and organizational uniqueness and fidelity. Example of countries where long term orientation supports prudence, reservations, perseverance in achieving results and being willing to lessen oneself for a reason are South Korea, Japan, and Singapore On the other hand a short term orientation is in line with the expenditure to uphold the pressure from the society, less reservations, preferring immediate results and apprehension with a face Croatians build on the welfare of their family unit and that is the strongest affiliation according to their perception (Yin, 1994). Croatians in a working environment are inclined to have a high turn over, particularly in the private sector of the economy, since there is deficiency in competent staff. As a result it rises the cost incurred in staff training. For the Neutral vs. Emotional Relationship Orientations dimension: this dimension mostly influences the satisfaction of customers Croatians are inclined to be more emotional, and allow some space for mastery so that they can be contented when they feel happy and get concerned for; this is more connected to the treatment and at what time they feel that they are special to the organization. For the Specific vs. Diffuse Orientations dimension: Since Croatia is switching from an economy based on public sector to more private organizations, which have an effect on how Croatians perceive and their expectation regarding the quality or service. For the Achievement vs. Ascription dimension, Croatians have a propensity to try to get to a superior societal level as the traditions and norms give people more esteem according to which societal class they are from or have attained. For the Market Pricing Relationships dimension: Croatians are vigilant to prices and to them it is most important thing while considering a product being produced or services being offered For Structured or organized vs. unstructured or unorganized behavior: Croatians have a propensity to have a formless approach in their every day life; they like to adjust all the time even when it is coming to regulations and procedures in a working environment Regarding candidness to Others cultures, they show an open approach to acceptance of other peoples cultures and other principles and traditions. For the Internal vs. External (locus of control) dimension, Croatians have a strong attitude that they can have control over their destiny, which is without doubt consistent with the high levels of masculinism present in their culture Question 2: How are dimensions and elements of culture integrated by locals conducting business in Croatia? In doing business, Croatians integrate their culture in the following ways: They have long meetings which do not follow specific agenda Relationships are build only after negotiating business matters Chatting and any other form of small talks only surface after all negotiations in a meeting. Personal relationships in business is not encouraged hence an appropriate relationship that incorporates professionalism must be maintained. Education, experience that comes with status, knowledge and confidence are respected by Croatians. Superiors which are authoritative are highly valued. Success and major decisions an be made by an individual. No single person accepts the responsibility that is accompanied by failure. Decisions can be made without appropriate consultations. Flexible deadlines. Managers do not need to account for how and why decisions were reached. Question 3: What is the Comparison between the Croatian and US business Culture? The following differences arise between the Croatian and American cultures. In American culture: Meeting are short and with specific agenda Democratic leaders are valued Individuals accept responsibility of failure Consultation must be done before decision making Managers are accountable for decisions made Deadlines are strict In both cultures: Relationships are build only after negotiating business matters. Chatting and any other form of small talks only surface after all negotiations in a meeting. Personal relationships in business is not encouraged hence an appropriate relationship that incorporates professionalism must be maintained. Education, experience that comes with status, knowledge and confidence are respected. Question 4: What are the implications for US businesses that wish to conduct business in that region? In order to successfully do business in Croatia: Show respect to everybody. In addressing a colleague use the title and the first name. Avoid talks about money and problems as it depicts weak behaviors. Allow personal space. Speak directly and authoritatively. Do not criticize a Croatian but you can make suggestions. Religion war and ethnicity is never discussed. In summary cultural values are relatively stable in Croatia, for a foreigner in Croatia, the first impression is conveyed starting with courtesies and the first greeting. Frustration is avoided by knowing how and when decisions are made; acquainting one self with the outcomes of a meeting and understanding how women are engaged in into the business framework. Of importance is networking and Personal contacts in Croatian business culture than formal marketing techniques.