Engineering Technology: Revolutionized Essay -- Engineering

Advance, advance is the watchword while portraying humankind to demonstrate that we are the unrivaled race. Since the time the revelation of innovation we have connected our brains together for the ingenuity of progress to change the angles surrounding us to improve things. It’s astounding that a basic enthusiasm for the starting will make a huge difference down to an unmistakable idea. History has demonstrated that the means forward in innovation inside designing have become bigger and are finished up at a progressively quick rate and with over the most recent twenty years. Such an enormous sum has improved so quick as urban communities develop and innovation propels, designing is moving alongside the tide. Specialists that develop and see their universe of work improve each day as a result of specific advances in innovation all relying upon their field. This how designing highlights developed into what they are today from with over the most recent two decades; and how the ch ange will keep on progressing as present day Technology grasps a post current period. Building has existed since the most punctual occasions of culture and maybe is one of the more seasoned lines of work on earth (the soonest creation of designing returns as ahead of schedule as the development of the wheel). It’s uncommon that we made significant progress since the disclosure of the wheel, the innovation that has been practiced today just inundates the brains of individuals. Regular present day innovation is assumed control over the brains of individuals and they keep on adjusting to the cutting edge changes with in the consistently evolving society. Through hundreds of years there are trails left by old building and has contrasted from our innovation today. Through the antiquated period there has been bewildering and un-noting accomplishments of building. Like the extraordinary pyramids of Egypt and the incredible stadiums of Rome. The... ...his hands grimy and a female doesn't (an extraordinary model would be the atomic 1950’s period of the housewife and the 9-5 father). A central matter to why females are not the ones going out and doing the work is the view of being ladylike. Here’s a statement that shows how much soul they take in their work. â€Å"Engineering is the expert craft of applying science to the ideal transformation of normal assets to the advantage of man†. (smith) Works Cited †¢ Scott, Henry. Building Quotes. BrainyQuotes. N.p., 01 Jan 2010. Web. 26 Mar 2010. . †¢ engineering. 15. 4. Chicago: Britanica, 1986. Print †¢ Engineering. reference book Britanica. Britanica, 2010. Web. . †¢ Engineering and Natural Science chiefs. Ocupational Outlook Handbook. Indianapolas: U.S. Branch of Labor, 2005. Print.

The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst Essay -- James Hurst Scarlet Ibis

The Scarlet Ibis by James Hurst Hinting, imagery, and picture are on the whole components which make style.â All are significant; foretelling includes anticipation, and imagery adds to interpretation.â Image contributes visual guides which, likewise, help interpretation.â In this great short story, The Scarlet Ibis, by James Hurst, portending, imagery, and picture consolidate to make a genuine artistic perfect work of art. Portending is one of the components of style which make The Scarlet Ibis great.â For instance, the creator expresses, The last memorial park blossoms were sprouting, and their smell floated [through] our home, talking delicately the names of our dead.â This section unmistakably anticipates the passing of Doodle.â Also, Hurst remarks on Doodle's complete name, William Armstrong, that such a name sounds great just on a headstone, again foretelling Doodle's death.â Later, Doodle's cries of Don't leave me!â Don't leave me! are a corresponding to the second when the alarmed young man by and by shouts out, Don't leave me! when his more seasoned sibling does really leave him.â Moreover, Aunt Nicey says... ...n picture of forlorn anguish that the solitary sibling feels for his inert sibling.â Image is genuinely the most significant component in the style of this story. In The Scarlet Ibis, foretelling, imagery, and picture are exhibited to their full potential.â The successive portending insights hazily at Doodle's passing, and the unquestionable image of the red ibis for Doodle elevates the impact of the picture made when the sibling groups over his fallen red ibis.â Foreshadowing, imagery, and picture truly add to this present story's one of a kind style.

The Day of Martin Luther King

The Day of Martin Luther King Martin Luther King Day Home›Tips for Students›Martin Luther King Day Tips for StudentsCelebrations in USASchool lessons dedicated to the memory of Martin Luther King, one of the most outstanding American civil rights leadersEducational institutions celebrate Martin Luther King Day by teaching pupils and students about the work of this prominent person who influenced the course of US history. They tell young people about the difficult life path of Martin Luther King, his struggle against racial segregation and racism. Teachers emphasize the importance of the democratic principles in the society and the equality of all citizens, irrespective of religious and cultural identity.Federal holidays dedicated to the memory of Martin Luther KingIt is worth noting that people of different US states often combine the celebration of Martin Luther King Day with other federal holidays. Therefore, the citizens of Arizona usually celebrate Martin Luther King Day and Civil Rights Day at the same time. Many people who live in Idaho combine the celebration of Martin Luther King Day with Human Rights Day. Sometimes, Martin Luther King Day is combined with the birthday of Robert E. Lee in some US states. Moreover, the inhabitants of Wyoming often call Martin Luther King Day as the Day of Wyoming Equality.Social activities dedicated to the memory of Martin Luther KingMartin Luther King Day is one of the most important days of the year for all the Americans. On this day, inessential Government departments and corporations are closed. Only, small grocery shops and some restaurants are open for the visitors. People tend to stay at home and discuss the life and work of Martin Luther King. Also, on Martin Luther King Day, the Americans try to spend some of their time working as volunteers in citizen action groups.Martin Luther King Day is a new federal holiday in the USA. Nevertheless, it has become one of the most favorite holidays for all the Americans. Due to this holiday, the US citizens have the opportunity to preserve the values of Martin Luther King and disseminate them to other countries.

Diabetes And The Health Status Of The Population Of Any...

Introduction The health status of the population of any area is depicted by how much of physical activity is incorporated in their daily lifestyle. Many of the chronic health conditions commonly encountered these days like obesity, hypertension and diabetes are found to have association with the growing trend of sedentary lifestyle even in the younger population. At least 30 minutes of physical activity is recommended by CDC to prevent the occurrence of chronic disorders [1]. As per CDC research has shown that lower rates of Diabetes and metabolic syndrome are seen with 120 to 150 minutes (2 to 2.5 hours) a week of at least moderate – intensity aerobic activity and the more is the physical activity (here will be referred as PA), the lower is the risk [14]. Diabetes affects millions in United States and is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in US [5]. Type 2 Diabetes which is most common type of diabetes mellitus is predisposed by obesity and physical inactivity [8]. Physical activity and life style change are integral part of prevention and diabetes management [5]. Physical activity incorporates exercises, recreational activities, leisure activities, occupation and household chores. Physical activity changes from population to population and is affected by cultural norms, infrastructure, awareness etc. [4]. Studies are lacking in assessing the level of physical activity and pattern of physical activity in adult population of Los Angeles. Though there areShow MoreRelatedDiabetes Mellitus ( Dm ) Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesDiabetes Mellitus(DM) is one of the diseases affecting vast population in the nation. This disease had been a problem since awhile and the populations affected are unimaginably high. Before I proce ed, I would give an overview of the disease. DM happens as a result of the body’s inability to produce insulin called for by the system or unable to corporate properly to insulin. 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No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, scanning or otherwise, except as permitted under Sections 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization

Beowulf s Heroic Qualities That Convey His Nobility And...

Beowulf exemplifies heroic qualities that convey his nobility and courage. The poem named Beowulf has no known author. The author of the poem is known to be a Anglo-Saxon poet. The poem, Beowulf, is an Old English epic poem. The character, Beowulf, is a noble hero who offered to help King Hrothgar by fighting a demon named Grendal. He fought many enemies before and while becoming a king. Beowulf is a loyal and noble hero to the people of Geats and Danes. Epic heroes are defined with specific qualities that this particular literary epic hero fits into. Many literary heroes are described with particular characteristics, and Beowulf fits those standards in order to be considered a hero. Beowulf expresses many heroic qualities that depict him as a noble and loyal leader. Beowulf, an epic hero, is significant and glorified because of the heroic endeavors that he performs in. The poem stated, They extolled his heroic nature and exploits and gave thanks for his greatness, which was the proper thing for a man should praise a price whom he holds dear and cherish his memory... (II. 442-445). After defeating both Grendel and Gendel s mother Beowulf was praised for it and defined as a true hero. The character, Beowulf, terminated a dragon who was woken by a goblet and was later wounded, threatening his life. For his everlasting bravery, the people of Geats and Danes admired him for his superhuman actions. Beowulf was noble to his people, so everyone set him out to be a

Intense Irritation Free Essays

Intense irritation is a short technique, enduring from minutes to a couple of days, and its principle highlights are spillage of plasma proteins or liquid and development of leukocytes into an extravascular region. These cell and vascular responses are intermediated by compound variables created from cells or plasma and are in charge of the great clinical side effects of irritation, for example, swelling, redness, agony, warmness, and loss of capacity. Despite the fact that a provocative answer can occur in any damaging jolt, the normal for this procedure is the response of the vascularized connective tissue (Hardin 2007). We will write a custom essay sample on Intense Irritation or any similar topic only for you Order Now There are three fundamental stages in intense fiery reactions which incorporate more prominent bloodstream to aggravate zone, trailed by vasodilatation and enhanced vascular penetrability with spillage of plasma from the microcirculation, and phagocytic leukocyte movement to the encompassing tissue. Unending Inflammation and Diseases Inflammation exists in patients with contaminations, ecological illnesses (asbestos introduction and smoke inward breath, and so on.), invulnerable infections, and interminable sicknesses like diabetes, gout, rheumatoid joint inflammation, growth, et cetera. These days, it has likewise been proving that an assortment of ailments have indicated a provocative answer, for example, venous and interminable blood vessel sicknesses, myocardial ischemia.Currently, inflammation has become a vital topic for the study of human illness. Anti-inflammatory compounds, which have proven to be useful in one particular disease, could turn out to be useful in another disease. Interestingly, it could open a huge range of possibilities for intervention in utilizing anti-inflammatory compounds (Hardin 2007)2.4.3. Anti-Inflammatory Potential of Medicinal Plants Active ConstituentsA significant number of the fiery maladies are ending up surely understood in maturing society all through the world. The clinically utilized calming drugs experience the ill effects of the disadvantage of symptoms and the high cost of treatment (if there should arise an occurrence of biologics). Rather than these medications are customary prescriptions and common items, which offer an awesome expectation in the ID of bioactive lead fixings and their improvement into drugs for treating provocative infections. Since antiquated circumstances, customary meds and phytopharmaceuticals are being utilized for the cure of provocative and different protests (Sirtori 2001). The provocative pathway is a complex biochemical pathway which, once exchanged by damage, prompts the creation of fiery middle people whose underlying impact is torment and tissue harm, trailed by mending then recuperation. The majority of studies have additionally demonstrated that NSAIDs can defer muscle renaissance and may diminish tendon, ligament, and ligament mending. In particular, NSAIDs are accepted to wipe out the whole provocative intervened proliferative period of mending identified with WBC activities (days 0– 4). An investigation of the impacts of NSAIDs on intense hamstring wounds was done in people by Reynolds, and these agents reasoned that patients who utilized NSAIDs did not encounter a more prominent decline of agony and delicate tissue swelling when looked at inside the fake treatment gathering. Strangely enough, the creators noticed that the NSAIDs’ gathering had more regrettable agony identified with serious wounds contrasted and the fake treatment gathering (HaroldGÃ ³mez-Estrada 2016).The NSAIDs are likewise known to effectively affect kidney work. Lack of hydration or prior incessant renal disappointment or ailment may incline certain populaces to intense renal disappointment through restraint of prostaglandin amalgamation, which can happen when taking NSAIDs. The National Kidney Foundation helps that around 10% of kidney disappointments for each year are straightforwardly associated with considerable abuse of NSAIDs. An expected around 15– 20 million individuals in the US were utilizing particular COX-2 repressing NSAIDs on a long haul premise. These medications turned into the most regularly utilized pharmaceutical operator with more than 70 million NSAID solutions composed every year and 30 billion over-the-counter NSAID tablets sold yearly. It was evaluated that 5– 10% of the grown-up populace utilized NSAIDs, and among the elderly, the utilization of these medications was as high as 15%. The general utilization of these medications was because of the apparent absence of genuine gastrointestinal reactions that had been identified with the nonselective class of NSAIDs (HaroldGÃ ³mez-Estrada 2016).Because of the significant side effect outlines of steroidal and NSAID medications, there is a greater interest in natural compounds, such as dietary supplement and herbal remedies, which have been used for centuries to reduce pain and inflammation. Many of these natural compounds also work by inhibiting the inflammatory pathways in a similar manner as NSAIDs. Plant- extracted nutraceutical preparations have been used for hundreds and even thousands of years to obtain effective pain relief. Herbal medications are becoming increasingly popular because of their relatively few side effects. Nevertheless, there are problems related to these dietary supplements, and their use requires knowledge of their biological action, clinical studies (both affirmative and negative), and potential interfaces with other nutraceutical products and prescription medications. The evaluation of nutraceutical preparations with appropriately designed controlled studies has exploded in recent years. There is now a greater degree of confidence based on skillful study design and improved quality of the investigators that has strengthened positive findings found using natural ingredients to treat diseases. It is very important for healthcare practitioners to learn about these scientific studies to counsel patients who are taking various dietary additions, herbs minerals and vitamins for both disease treatment and prevention (HaroldGÃ ³mez-Estrada 2016).Curcumin is a naturally occurring yellow pigment derivative from turmeric (Curcuma longa), a flowering plant of the ginger family. It has traditionally been used as a coloring and flavoring spice in food products. Curcumin has long been used in both Ayurvedic and Chinese medicines as an anti-inflammatory agent, a treatment for intestinal disorders, and to enhance wound healing. Many clinical trials have demonstrated cur cumin’s antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antineoplastic effects. It may be considered a viable natural alternative to nonsteroidal agents for the treatment of inflammation. The usual dosage of standardized turmeric powder is 400–600 mg taken three times a day. Side effects are few, but with extended use, this agent can cause stomach upset, and in great cases, gastric ulcers may occur at very high doses. Green tea has long been known to have cardiovascular and cancer preventative characteristics due to its antioxidant properties. Its use in the treatment of arthritic sickness as an anti-inflammatory agent has been recognized more recently. Green tea research now reveals both anti-inflammatory and chondro protective effects. The usual recommendation is 3 to 4 cups of tea a day. Green tea extract has a typical dosage of 300 -400 mg. Green tea can cause stomach annoyance in some, and because of its caffeine content, a decaffeinated variety is also available; but the polyphenol content is currently vague.Pycnogenol, like white willow bark, is a nutraceutical material that has been used since ancient times. Pycnogenol is extracted from the bark of the maritime pine tree (Pinus maritima) and has been used for more than 2000 years. It has been considered helpful for wound healing, treating scurvy, healing of ulcers, and reducing vascular inflammation. It is one of the most potent antioxidant compounds currently known. Studies have shown that pycnogenol is 50–100 times more potent than vitamin E in neutralizing free radicals and that it helps to recycle and prolong the activity of vitamins C and E (Maroon, Bost and Maroon 2010). The Boswellia species are trees located in India, Ethiopia, Somalia, and the Arabian Peninsula, and they produce a gum resin called olibanum, better known in the western world as frankincense. This resin possesses anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritic, and analgesic properties. Clinically, the substance is used in the treatment of degenerative and inflammatory joint disorders. It reduces the white blood cell count in joint fluid, and it also inhibits leukocyte elastase, which is released in rheumatoid arthritis. In one recent study, a statistically significant improvement in arthritis of the knee was shown after 8 weeks of treatment with 333 mg B. Serrata extract taken three times a day. The treatment improved function, but radiographically there was no change in the affected joints.Capsicum annum is a small spreading shrub which was initially cultivated in the tropical regions of the Americas but is now grown throughout the world, including the US. The small red fruit normally used to accentuate chili owes its stinging pungency to the chemical, capsaicin. This was isolated by chemists more than a century ago and establishes approximately 12% of the chili pepper. This fruit has been used for various medicinal resolves by the native peoples of the American tropics for hundreds of years.Capsaicin can cause a burning feeling when it comes in contact with human flesh, and also in the digestive tract. This herb is rarely used alone but is usually mixed into other natural anti-arthritic preparations. There are topical capsaicin formulations now accessible to treat post-herpetic neuralgia. Other uses have been studied for minor neuropathies and chronic musculoskeletal pain (Maroon, Bost and Maroon 2010). Table 2.4 shows some products with natural compounds against inflammation. How to cite Intense Irritation, Papers

Through the Lens Essay free essay sample

The concept of horrific pictures being taken plays an important role in Berger’s thoughts about Hiroshima, because those pictures are what initially sparked his interest. However, the idea of sharing of graphing pictures is called into question by Susan Sontag in her essay, â€Å"Regarding the Pain of Others,† who points out that war photography should have some form of censorship because of the effect it may have on victims or families who have lost their loved ones. While Berger doesn’t seem to promote graphic photography, it seems that from is point of view, pictures such as these make a reality of what otherwise might just become another page in our history books. â€Å"These paintings [by survivors] were shown on Japanese television. Is it conceivable that the BBC would show these pictures on Channel One at a peak hour? † (319) He makes a strong point that American television would never show those pictures without â€Å" reference to ‘political’ and ‘military’ realities† (319) because it was our country that caused such destruction. Sontag almost reinforces this idea by saying that â€Å"the camera brings the viewer close, too close,† (259) but at the ame time contradicts it by implying that war pictures sometimes provide inaccurate information because of new age technology. Cameras and computers today have the ability to enhance the main focus, what the photographer wants you to look at, and blur out other details which may change a picture completely. â€Å"The real thing may not be fearsome enough, and therefore needs to be enhanced; or reenacted more convincingly. † (259) This brings out a good point, although cameras used in 1945 wouldn’t have that kind of technology, but they can still be edited today. That being said, a picture can be inaccurate in more ways than one. While the Hiroshima pictures are heartbreaking to look at, Berger fails to address the fact that not all war pictures tell the full story, along with what may have happened before and after the picture was taken, and some may be taken completely out of context. Sontag brings in this idea by talking about a famous picture of a South Vietnamese General shooting a Vietcong suspect, which turned out to be staged. This idea calls Berger’s argument into question, because it is unknown which pictures are â€Å"real† and which are mainly for ublicity purposes. We don’t know what happened before, after, or even what’s going on outside the frame on a picture just by looking at it. Only the photographer and the people present at that moment know the whole truth. Although Sontag brings in some point that were missed by Berger, Sontag reinforces Berger’s speculation that US television and newspa pers only show what the government wants the public to see, and nothing more. She adds that the military promoted â€Å"images that illustrated America’s absolute military superiority over its enemy. † (260) in the Gulf War in 1991. This idea really brings the true motives of our nation out, which is really what Berger’s entire argument is based off of. He tries to make the US look like bullies, killing innocent people to scare their government so that we look like a strong country that defeats the bad guys and protects its citizens. â€Å"It was not a miscalculation, an error, or the result of a situation deteriorating so rapidly that it gets out of hand. † (319) This quote proves that, from Berger’s perspective, the US purposely caused such an event, which was preplanned , not a defense mechanism. While Sontag doesn’t specify an opinion about why the US only shows pictures that make ourgovernment look good, she does mention that â€Å"the use of cameras at the front for nonmilitary purposes have become much stricter as war has become an activity prosecuted with increasingly exact optical devices for tracking the enemy. † (260) This would explain why we don’t see many pictures of the war going on right now, even though it’s been going on for many years already. Berger aims his focus on Hiroshima alone, while Sontag looks at the big picture of war photography in itself. Sontag would assumingly agree with Berger about the issue of Hiroshima, how horrifying it was and how those pictures play such a big role. At the same time, I think this would further promote her idea that war photography is sometimes too harsh, even though without seeing those pictures, one might not be able to imagine such horror. However, Sontag might not agree with Berger when he says â€Å"the memory of these events should be continually before our eyes. † (320) A lot of pictures should be continually before our eyes, and unfortunately Hiroshima is only an example of events hat would be forgotten without visual aids to remind us. He himself is an example, not interested in the book on his desk until he opened it and was reminded of such an event. But like Sontag says, â€Å"to display the dead, after all, is what the enemy does. † (259) In many third world countries, people see death and sickness all the time. Civilians in places like Iraq and Afghanistan probably see death more than anyone, and we, the enemy, are the ones showing it to them. For us, war pictures hit too close to home, especially for amilies that have loved ones overseas fighting for our country, but what about people that have to witness it firsthand? They don’t always have a choice. Berger, who is British, calls his friend from America, the one he talks about in the beginning, â€Å"innocent,† saying that she looks at a â€Å"nuclear holocaust without considering its reality. † (321) But in a way, many Americans do that. We could â€Å"google† many kinds of pictures, graphic or not, whenever we feel like it, but do we really think about what it would be like to be there? This is the problem with Sontag’s idea about war photos not being shown; without them, many Americans would probably be even more naive than they already are. If I told you a bomb was dropped on Japan and many people were killed and burned, you would probably feel sympathy, but you would probably go on with your day, as would a lot of people. But seeing pictures, children burned, dead bodies, that would make it more real, and that’s why Berger says we should constantly see things like that. Unfortunately, that can’t be publicly shown, especially on television, where verything has to be â€Å"family oriented. † There’s a downside to both arguments: we can’t constantly be reminded of such horrible things like Hiroshima, but we also can’t be completely out of the loop. War photography is a controversial topic, but it’s one that will most likely always be part of life. As long as there’s wars, there will be people trying to e xpose the events and realities of it.

863 WORDS Capital Punishment in Canada 4 SOURCES

863 WORDS Capital Punishment in Canada 4 SOURCES Capital Punishment in CanadaAs violence becomes an increasing concern among Canadians, people are calling for the reinstatement of capital punishment. This controversial issue has been ailing politicians and public morality since its abolition in 1976. As one examines the arguments for and against the reinstatement of capital punishment; examples of modern day cases dealing with capital punishment; and statistics on such cases, one can better appreciate the reasons why this barbaric form of punishment should remain in the past.Unfortunately, like most Americans, many Canadians believe in the barbaric "an eye for an eye" rule of restitution. This belief is the basis for the argument for the reinstatement of the death penalty. Some believe that the death penalty will deter similar crimes from happening, others believe that they would feel safer if a serious offender would be put to eternal rest. Few, suggests that putting these criminals to death would be more economical then putting t hem behind bars.Article 2 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of ...But all of these people innately believe that "When you take a life, you give up the right to yours." (Why America kills off killers). Beliefs such as these have kept the United States being the only western, first world, industrialized country to retain the cruel and immoral death penalty. This horrific fact puts the United States Government in line with other major human rights offenders such as China, Rwanda, and North Korea (Why America kills off killers).Convicted murderer Henry M. Porter offered this statement on his death bed;"What I want people to know is that they call me a cold-blooded killer. I shot a man who shot me first. The only thing that convicted me is that I'm a Mexican and he was a police officer. From there you call me a cold-blooded murderer. I didn't tie anybody...

Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnam War

Ho Chi Minh and the Vietnam War Ho Chi Minh was born on May 19, 1890 in Kim Lien, Central Vietnam. Hos family always maintaining patriotic pride in their country and heritage. At an early age Ho found himself following in his fathers footsteps; running messages for the anti-French underground and being expelled from school for not conforming to French rule. During Hos travels overseas, he encountered and studied the Marxist ideals of Socialism and Communism. Ho came to believe that the only way to gain independence in Vietnam was with Communism. Settling in Paris, Ho set about preparing for the independence of Vietnam. Ho founded the French Communist party, and from 1927 to 1930, he helped promote communist revolution throughout the world. During the occupation of Vietnam by Japan at the start of WW2, Ho was forced to return home for the first time in 30 years. What he brought was a spirit of rebellion; against the Japanese, French and later the Americans.U.S. President Dwight D. Eisenhower and Secretary ...This wa s when he founded the Vietnamese Communist Independence movement, known as the Viet Minh, who fought the occupying Japanese forces and changed his name to Ho Chi Minh (Brocheux 127-28).When it was after the Geneva Convention in July 1954, the United States government started to support South Vietnam toward independence. For almost 21 years, South Vietnam had established a tight relationship with the U.S. Many U.S. politicians and South Vietnam politicians began to argue the ethics of withdrawing from the war. Ultimately, with unethical action, in 1975 the U.S. found itself “abandoning [south] Vietnam” (Willbanks 1) to its loss of war. On April 30, 1975 as Uncle Hos led the Viet Cong to defeating Vietnam, U.S. troops evacuated the American embassy, leaving the South Vietnamese exposed to harsh injustice of postwar life. Therefore, the U.S acted unethically by withdrawing from South...

Summarizing for the exam Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4500 words

Summarizing for the exam - Essay Example Similarly the case study conducted by the Carlo, Lyyntines and Boland suggest that the organizations when view the IT systems as socio-technical systems, they tend to mitigate the risks of change through the combination of social/technical actors. This change process can be described through various models which take on to define how change in the organization takes place. For example, Kurt Lewin suggested a 3 stage model which comprehend the process of change into three stages whereas the model by Gleciher suggest that strong organizational dissatisfaction, vision for the future and taking immediate and tactical actions when exceed the amount of resistance for change than there will be a meaningful change within the organization. The five cognitive processes defined in the case study by Carlo, Lyyntines and Boland also suggest the same proximity with this model as the preoccupation with the failure and underspecificaion of the structure suggest the change process to tackle the risks . It must also be noted that the changes within the organizations take place mostly due to the internal and external risks faced by the organization. While changes take place within the organizations due to external and internal risks however these risks arise due to certain drivers which bring change in the organizations. These key drivers of change can vary accordingly however technology remains one of the key variables in the process of brining in change. It is through the so called disruptive technology that the change is comprehended which necessitate the paradigm shift for the organizations. Business Process re-engineering is therefore a planned and readymade response from the organizations to embarrass the change. Through Business Process Re-engineering, there occurs a fundamental re-think of the organizational processes and other systems and procedures including people. The case study by the Carlo, Lyyntines

The concept of self-determination in international law is, in Essay

The concept of self-determination in international law is, in practice, less wide-ranging than might be supposed - Essay Example It is in terms of whether the human element within several states is entitled to choices that may lead to severing their destiny from that of a given state and ultimately disrupt the state’s body politic. (Coicaud, 2001, p.53). The uniqueness of self-determination makes the existence of a corresponding international rule whether contractual or general far more problematic. This also varies in degree according to whether its conceived as a right conferred by international law or as a right which states an internationally obliged to ensure within their legal systems self determination as seen as a freedom within the internal logic of declaration, human rights and fundamental freedom which every state would be bound under general law, charter or other instruments to ensure it to persons or groups within their legal system, a matter de lege ferenda. (Karen, 2002, p.29). Exceptions are allowed in given arrangements of conventional law. Personality of individuals is not believed in international law. Thus the existing international law is even further from ensuring a right of self-determination as a matter of direct right under international law itself. International law and international politics comprise the rules and reality of the international system so that it makes sense to study one without the other. Scholars decide to separate the so called `real politiks from the utopian idealism on the emphasis that the failure of League of Nations and the rise of fascism were clear demonstrations of the ineffectiveness and irrelevance of international law and institutions’2. This described reality was as anarchic international law system in which the state was the primary actor and its interaction with other states was in a context of a competitive war of all against all motivated by national self interest and a thirst for power. (Karen, 2002, p.42). The tribunal created

Relationship Between Leadership Style and Employee Engagment

Relationship Between Leadership Style and Employee Engagment Introduction Organizational effectiveness is essential in todays fast growing organizations where competitiveness is the main feature of the contemporary business. Leadership is the main determinant of organizational effectiveness and is the major identifier of an engaged workforce. The most common leadership style is the Traditional leadership style which is administered in almost all companies of the Petroleum Sector in Egypt with its public companies, joint companies and even part of the investment companies, a leadership style enforcing the concepts of power and authority. The traditional leadership style aims to keep things the same and doesnt promote the engagement of the employees that is not part of their job descriptions and emerges as a result of personal choices. The leadership style applied in the petroleum companies needs to evolve from the traditional approach. It needs to apply leadership styles where the leader is capable of transforming and developing his employees behaviors and benefiting from their efforts would achieve positive contribution to overall organizational effectiveness. This should be through adopting an attitude that supports and enhances motivation and performance of his followers allowing them to exceed their own expectations optimizing their performance to achieve such effectiveness. In some cases, transactional leadership is administered where the leader promotes compliance of his followers through both rewards and punishments and is not looking to change the future. This type of leadership focuses on getting the work done by their followers. Transactional leadership works within the organization culture through management by exception to maintain status quo and stress corrective actions to improve performance. Whereas, the transformational leadership changes the organization culture through its behaviors where the leader affects the followers sense of identity and motivation aiming to achieve performance beyond expectations and employee engagement hence contributing to the main objective which is the organizational effectiveness. Leadership style is a strategic tool that needs to be practiced on a large span to assure employee engagement in order to comply with the surrounding dynamic environment. Statement of Research Problem The leadership style administered in the Egyptian petroleum companies is a traditional one enforcing the concepts of power and authority. This traditional style doesnt promote the engagement attitudes of the employees that are not part of their job descriptions that emerge as a result of personal choices. The leadership behaviors need to evolve to support the behaviors of leaders who are capable of transforming and developing their employees behaviors and benefiting from their efforts would achieve positive contribution to overall organizational effectiveness. Thus, the problem of this study can be stated in the following statement: What is the relationship between the leadership style and employee engagement? Research Objectives The main research objective is to investigate the leadership behaviors that are able to develop employees engagement by: Analyzing the reality of petroleum companies (area of the study) regarding the leadership style used in these companies and whether it has a relationship with employee engagement or not. Using the appropriate behavioral methods to acquire and maintain employees engagement. Providing some recommendations to the responsible people in the petroleum companies regarding what should be done to enhance the relationship between the employees and their supervisors or leaders that would be guiding for future studies on the effect of leadership behaviors both transactional and transformational on employee engagement. Research Importance The academic importance: This research will be an addition to the academic research because there is scarcity in the research topic, transactional and transformational leadership, and dealing with these leadership styles in the petroleum companies. The empirical importance: The empirical importance of this research lies in providing the petroleum companies with the results and the recommendations of the research that can be implemented for maintaining employee engagement aiming to achieve organizational effectiveness. Conclusion Transactional and transformational leadership are considered contrasting leadership styles even though the leader may use both styles of leadership at different times and different situations. Transactional leadership is an exchange process where the leader exchanges rewards for efforts of the subordinates or followers and this in turn allows the leader to punish the subordinates or followers if the task is not accomplished. Whereas transformational leader encourages his followers to make decision, he empowers them and allows them to grow on the individual basis and also among teams by coaching and mentoring them. Transformational leadership and the reward approach of the transactional leadership have a positive influence on employee behaviors, emotions and performance. They have a positive impact on organizational teams, organizational commitment, effectiveness and employees satisfaction in addition citizenship behaviors. For organizations to survive in the rapid competing world, they have to maintain an engaged workforce. Employee engagement will result in high levels of performance and low levels of turnover in organizations. Employee engagement eliminates job stress and is strategic tool leading to job satisfaction, organizational commitment, less turnover and organizational citizenship behaviors. As the literature review shows that the study variables have been covered in many industries and countries around the world, yet it hasnt been given much consideration in the Arab world. This is why the researcher finds that it is a must to conduct this study in the petroleum sector where she works. Research Variables and Operationalization 1. Research Variables: Independent Variables Transformational Leadership Transactional Leadership Dependent Variables Employee Engagement 2. Variables Operationalization Independent Variables The leadership styles in this study: transformational and transactional leadership, are evident but dont replace each other as processes, and the same leader may use both types of leadership at different times in different situations. (Yukl 1998) The researcher chooses two of the leadership style for this study as follows: Transformational Leadership: attempts to create emotional links with its followers and inspires higher values (Bass, 1999). Transformational leadership meets the higher order needs of employees (Yusof and Shah, 2008). Also, transformational leadership refers to the leader motivating the follower beyond self-interests. It raises the followers level of maturity and ideals for achievement and the well-being of others, the organization and the society (Hakan 2008). Transactional Leadership: places an emphasis on exchanging rewards for accomplishment (Burton and Peachey, 2009) Transactional leadership focuses mainly on the physical and the security needs of followers. The relationship that evolves between the leader and the follower is based on exchange and reward systems (Bass and Avolio, 1993). Dependent Variable Employee Engagement is the benefiting of organizational members themselves to their work roles; in engagement, people employ and express themselves physically, perceptually and emotionally during role performances (Kahn, 1990) Employee engagement refers to the individuals involvement and satisfaction as well as enthusiasm for work (Harter et al., 2002). Proposed Research Model Independent Dependent Employee Engagement Transactional Leadership Transformational Leadership Research Hypotheses Based on the previous model, we can develop the following hypotheses that try to express the relationship between study variables: H1 There is a strong positive significant relationship between transactional leadership and employee engagement. H2 There is a strong positive significant relationship between transformational leadership and employee engagement. Source of Research Data (Sample) Primary data The researcher collected the primary data from the research sample of 236 employees working in Suez Oil Company by using 30 items questionnaire. Secondary data Secondary data is collected from organizational records from the HR department in the company. Research Variables Instruments In this study, the researcher conducted the questionnaire based on two main research instruments: Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire Transactional and transformational leadership was measured using 20 items from the Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ 5X rater form) on a Likert 5 point scale. The components of leadership dimensions derived from the MLQ 5X rater form questionnaire Transactional Transformational Utrecht Work Engagement Scale Employee engagement was measured using 10 items from Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) on a Likert 5 point scale. Research Population and Sample Population The population of present study is 1200 employees of Suez Oil Company, a petroleum company in the Egyptian petroleum sector. Sample The present study sample is a stratified random sample of 300 employees from all departments and job levels in the company. Statistical Methods/Techniques used in Data Analysis Cronbachs Alpha Split-half T-Test ANOVA Scheffe Test Correlations Regression Stepwise Research Results and Findings Validity and Reliability Questionnaire Validity: It means the ability of the questionnaire to measure what it is set for. Reliability of internal consistency: Calculation of correlation coefficients between each axis component phrases and questionnaire axis total marks. Calculation of correlation coefficients between questionnaire axis total marks and questionnaire total mark. First Axis: Transformational Leadership: Validity was calculated by using internal consistency through calculating the correlation coefficient (Person Correlation Coefficient) between each phrase mark and the axis mark (transactional leadership). The same is shown in the following table below: It is evident from the table that all correlation coefficients are indicating significance at (0.05 0.01) that shows it is close to one which means that questionnaire phrases are valid and consistent. Second Axis: Transformational Leadership: Validity was calculated by using internal consistency through using correlation coefficient (Person Correlation Coefficient) between each phrase mark and the axis mark (Transformational Leadership). The same is shown in the following table below: It is evident from the table that correlation coefficients are significant at (0.05-0.01), thus indicating validity and consistency of the questionnaire phrases. Third Axis: Employee Engagement: Reliability was calculated by using the internal consistency through calculating the correlation coefficient (Person correlation coefficient) between each phrase mark and the axis mark (Employee Engagement). The following table shows the same below. It is evident from the table that correlation coefficients are all indicating significance at (0.05-0.01) which shows it is close to one, thus indicating validity and consistency of the questionnaire phrases. Validity by using internal consistency between axis total mark and questionnaire total mark Validity was calculated by using the internal consistency through calculating the correlation coefficient (Person Correlation Coefficient) between each axis total mark (transactional leadership-transformational leadership-employee engagement) and questionnaire total mark, the following table shows the same below: Employee Engagement It is evident from the table that correlation coefficients are all indicating significance at (0.01), thus indicating validity and consistency of the questionnaire phrases. Reliability: Reliability means accuracy of the test in measurement and observation, non-contradiction to oneself, its consistency and elaboration, thus providing us of information about the examined person behavior, and it is the ratio between the mark variance on the scale indicating the virtual performance of the examined person. Reliability was calculated through: Cronbachs Alpha Split-half Reliability of the whole questionnaire It is evident from the above table that all reliability coefficients values: Alpha and Split-half coefficients are indicating significance at (0.01) thus indicating the questionnaire reliability. Description of the Study A comprehensive description of the study sample is shown in the following tables (from 6 to 9) and charts (from 1to 4), as follows: 1 Gender: Table (6) and chart (1) show distribution of the research sample according to the gender. Distribution of the research sample according to the gender 133 research sample individuals are male at the percentage of 56.4%, whereas 103 research sample individuals are female at the percentage of 43.6%. 2 Education: Table (7) and chart (2) show distribution of the research sample according to the education. Distribution of the research sample according to the education 126 individuals of the research sample are university degrees holders at the percentage of 53.4% followed by 71 individuals of research sample are high school certificates or less holders at the percentage of 30.1%, and the last 39 individuals of the research sample are postgraduates at the percentage of 16.1%. 3 Age: Table (8) and chart (3) show distribution of the research sample according to age. Distribution of the research sample according to age 74 individuals of the research sample whose ages ranging between 30 and 39 years at 31.4%, followed by 68 individuals whose ages ranging between 40 and 49 years at 28.8%, followed by 52 individuals whose ages were below 30 years at 22% and coming last 42 individuals aged 50 years and above at 17.8%. 4 Years of experience: Table (9) and chart (4) show distribution of the research sample according to years of experience. Distribution of the research sample according to years of experience 78 individuals of the research sample whose number of years of experience ranging between 11 to 16 years at 33.1% , followed by 63 individuals whose number of years of experience was above 16 years at 26.6% ,followed by 54 individuals whose number of years of experience ranging between 5 and 10 years at 22.9% , and the last 41 individuals with less than 5 years of experience at 17.4%. Description of Questionnaire answers Below is a detailed discussion (in figures and percentages) of sample individuals answers of the phrases in the questionnaire: Transactional Leadership 1 Provides assistance in exchange for effort: It is evident from the table that 55 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 23.3%, whereas 110 individuals of research sample agreed at 46.6%, and 43 individuals of research sample were neutral at 18.2%, however, 28 individuals of research sample disagreed at 11.9%. 2 Very clear on the reward if goals are achieved: It is evident from the table that 115 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 48.7%, whereas 78 individuals of research sample agreed at 33.1%, and 32 individuals of research sample were neutral at 13.6%, however, 11 individuals of research sample disagreed at 4.7%. 3 Express satisfaction when expectations are met: It is evident from the table that 65 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 27.5%, whereas 132 individuals of research sample agreed at 55.9% and 39 individuals of research sample were neutral at 16.5%. 4 Concentrate attention on dealing with mistakes, complaints and failures: It is evident from the table that 69 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 29.2%, whereas 101 individuals of research sample agreed at 42.8%, and 31 individuals of research sample were neutral at 13.1%, however, 25 individuals of research sample disagreed at 10.6% and finally 10 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 4.2%. 5 Keep track of mistakes: It is evident from the table that 54 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 22.9%, whereas 85 individuals of research sample agreed at 36% and 41 individuals of research sample were neutral at 17.4%, yet, 34 individuals of research sample disagreed at 14.4%, and finally 22 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 9.3%. 6 Takes corrective action on mistakes: It evident from the table that 105 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 44.5% ,whereas 80 individuals of research sample individuals of research sample agreed at 33.9% and individuals of research sample were neutral at 16.1% ,however,13 individuals of research sample disagreed at 5.55%. 7 Fails to interfere when problems become serious: It is evident from the table that 12 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 5.1%, whereas 43 individuals of research sample agreed at 18.2% and 37 individuals of research sample were neutral at 15.7%, yet, 63 individuals of research sample disagreed at 26.7%, and finally 81 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 34.3%. 8 If it isnt broken dont fix it: It is evident from the table that 34 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 15.3%, whereas 87 individuals of research sample agreed at 36.9% and 44 individuals of research sample were neutral at 18.6%, yet, 60 individuals of research sample disagreed at 25.4%, and finally 9 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 3.8%. 9 Waits for things to go wrong before taking action: It is evident from the table that 16 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 6.8%, whereas 65 individuals of research sample agreed at 27.5% and 34 individuals of research sample were neutral at 14.4%, yet, 72 individuals of research sample disagreed at 30.5%, and finally 49 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 20.8%. Transformational Leadership 10 Goes beyond self -interest for the good of others: It is evident from the table that 43 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 18.2%, whereas 129 individuals of research sample agreed at 54.7% and 33 individuals of research sample were neutral at 13.9%, yet, 17 individuals of research sample disagreed at 7.2%, and finally 14 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 5.9%. 11 Admired, respected and trusted: It is evident from the table that 122 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 51.7%, whereas 73 individuals of research sample agreed at 30.9% and 41 individuals of research sample were neutral at 17.4%. 12 Display sense of power and confidence, willing to take risk: It is evident from the table that 45 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 19.1%, whereas 64 individuals of research sample agreed at 27.1% and 81 individuals of research sample were neutral at 34.3%, yet, 11 individuals of research sample disagreed at 4.7%, and finally 35 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 14.8%. 13 Talks about values and beliefs: It is evident from the table that 101 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 42.8%, whereas 74 individuals of research sample agreed at 31.4% and 40 individuals of research sample were neutral at 16.9%, yet, 21 individuals of research sample disagreed at 8.9%. 14 Talks optimistically about the future: It is evident from the table that 100 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 42.4%, whereas 81 individuals of research sample agreed at 34.4% and 55 individuals of research sample were neutral at 23.3%. 15 Motivate and inspire people around: It is evident from the table that 99 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 41.9%, whereas 106 individuals of research sample agreed at 44.9% and 21 individuals of research sample were neutral at 18.9%, yet, 10 individuals of research sample disagreed at 4.2% 16 No public criticism: It is evident from the table that 52 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 22%, whereas 71 individuals of research sample agreed at 30.1% and 44 individuals of research sample were neutral at 18.6%, yet, 39 individuals of research sample disagreed at 16.5%, and finally 30 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 12.7%. 17 Spends time coaching, mentoring and teaching: It is evident from the table that 98 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 41.5%, whereas 46 individuals of research sample agreed at 19.5% and 42 individuals of research sample were neutral at 17.8%, yet, 31 individuals of research sample disagreed at 13.1%, and finally 19 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 8.1%. 18 Considers every employee as having different needs, aspiration and abilities: It is evident from the table that 84 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 35.6%, whereas 64 individuals of research sample agreed at 27.1% and 52 individuals of research sample were neutral at 22%, yet, 23 individuals of research sample disagreed at 9.7%, and finally 13 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 5.5%. 19 Develops employees into Leaders: It is evident from the table that 83 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 35.2%, whereas 99 individuals of research sample agreed at 41.9% and 38 individuals of research sample were neutral at 16.1%, yet, 16 individuals of research sample disagreed at 6.8% 20 Interaction with employees are personalized: It is evident from the table that 64 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 27.1%, whereas 70 individuals of research sample agreed at 29.7% and 57 individuals of research sample were neutral at 24.2%, yet, 36 individuals of research sample disagreed at 15.3%, and finally 9 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 3.8%. Employee Engagement 1 At my work, I feel bursting with energy: It is evident from the table that 69 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 29.2%, whereas 101 individuals of research sample agreed at 42.8% and 49 individuals of research sample were neutral at 20.8%, yet, 17 individuals of research sample disagreed at 7.2%. 2 I find the work that I do full of meaning and purpose: It is evident from the table that 71 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 30.1%, whereas 82 individuals of research sample agreed at 34.7% and 46 individuals of research sample were neutral at 19.5%, yet, 29 individuals of research sample disagreed at 12.3%, and finally 8 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 3.4%. 3 Time flies when Im working: It is evident from the table that 88 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 37.3%, whereas 73 individuals of research sample agreed at 30.9% and 22 individuals of research sample were neutral at 9.3%, yet, 39 individuals of research sample disagreed at 16.5%, and finally 14 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 5.9%. 4 When I am working, I forget everything else around me: It is evident from the table that 67 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 28.4%, whereas 108 individuals of research sample agreed at 45.8% and 37 individuals of research sample were neutral at 15.7%, yet, 24 individuals of research sample disagreed at 10.2%. 5 My job inspires me: It is evident from the table that 58 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 24.6%, whereas 93 individuals of research sample agreed at 39.4% and 39 individuals of research sample were neutral at 16.5%, yet, 30 individuals of research sample disagreed at 12.7%, and finally 16 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 6.8%. 6 When I get up in the morning, I feel like going to work: It is evident from the table that 81 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 34.3%, whereas 84 individuals of research sample agreed at 35.6% and 41 individuals of research sample were neutral at 17.4%, yet, 21 individuals of research sample disagreed at 8.9%, and finally 9 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 3.8%. 7 I am proud of the work that I do: It is evident from the table that 82 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 34.7%, whereas 94 individuals of research sample agreed at 39.8% and 60 individuals of research sample were neutral at 25.4%. 8 I can continue working for very long periods at a time: It is evident from the table that 64 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 27.1%, whereas 86 individuals of research sample agreed at 36.4% and 43 individuals of research sample were neutral at 18.2%, yet, 25 individuals of research sample disagreed at 10.6%, and finally 18 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 7.6%. 9 To me, my job is challenging: It is evident from the table that 100 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 42.4%, whereas 79 individuals of research sample agreed at 33.5% and 34 individuals of research sample were neutral at 14.4%, yet, 13 individuals of research sample disagreed at 5.5%, and finally 10 individuals of research sample strongly disagreed at 4.2%. 10 I get carried away when Im working: It is evident from the table that 83 individuals of research sample strongly agreed at 35.2%, whereas 103 individuals of research sample agreed at 43.6% and 50 individuals of research sample were neutral at 21.2%. Hypotheses Testing There is a correlation between transactional leadership and employee engagement and a correlation between transformational leadership and employee engagement To test the developed hypotheses, a Pearson correlation method is used for figuring out the relationship between the study variables. The obtained results can be shown in the following table: Table (10) correlation matrix among transactional leadership, transformational leadership and employee engagement Employee Engagement 0.831** Transactional Leadership 0.924** Transformational Leadership ** p = à ¢Ã¢â‚¬ °Ã‚ ¤ 0.01 Table (10) shows a positive correlation among transactional leadership, transformational leadership and employee engagement at significance of (0.01) function. In other words, the better the transactional leadership perception is the better the employee engagement which supports H1and the better the transformational leadership perception is the better the employee engagement which supports H2. Demographic Analysis Transactional Leadership and Demographics: There are differences of statistical indication between the sample individuals marks average in transactional leadership according to the study demographics. T-Test was applied and the sample individuals marks were calculated by ANOVA in the transactional leadership, the following tables show the same below: Chart (5) differences in the sample individuals marks average in transactional leadership according to the gender Table (11) and Chart (5) show that T value was (20.931 ),it is a value statistically indicating significance at (0.01 ) in favor of females, as females marks average was ( 39.019 ) , whereas males marks average was ( 21.451 ), that means that females consider transactional leadership better than males. Total Table (12) shows that F value was ( 31.402 ) which is a statistically indicating significance at ( 0.01 ), that means that there are differences among the sample individuals in transactional leadership according to education. To verify the direction of the indication, Scheffe Test was applied for multiple comparisons. The following table shows the same below: Table (13) and chart (6) show no differences in transactional leadership between post graduate studies holders and university degree holders, whereas there are differences between post graduate studies holders and high school certificate or less holders in favor of post graduate studies holders significant at ( 0.01 ). There are also differences between university degree holders and high school certificate or less holders in favor of university degree holders significant at ( 0.01 ), whereas the average of marks of post graduate studies holders and university degree holders was (35.205) and (34.515) respectively, followed by high school certificate or less holders sample individuals at the average of ( 16.197 ) , post graduate studies holders and university degree holders came first as they had better perception of transactional leadership , while high school certificate or less holders came second. It is evident from table (14) that the value of T was ( 39.670 ) , it is a value indicating statistically significant at ( 0.01 ), thus indicating the differences among sample individuals according to age. To define the function direction, Scheffe Test was applied for multiple comparisons .The following table shows the same below. Chart (7) differences of sample marks in transactional leadership according to age Table (15) and chart (7) show that there are differences in transactional leadership between sample individuals aged 50 years and above and sample individuals aged 40-49 years ,30-39 years and those below 30 years in favor of the sample individuals aged 50 years and above with significance at (0.01), whereas there are differences between sample individuals aged 40-49 and sample individuals aged 30-39 in favor of sample individuals aged 40-49 years with significance at (0.05), whereas there are differences between sample individuals aged 40-49 and sample individuals aged below 30 years in favor of the first with significance at (0.01), whereas there are differences between sample individuals aged 30-39 years and sample individuals aged below 30 years in favor of the first with significance at (0.01). The average marks of the sample individuals aged 50 years and above were (42.000), followed by the sample individuals aged 40-49 at the average of (32.441) ,followed by sample individuals aged 30-39 at the average of (29.540) ,and sample individuals aged below 30 years at the

Childrens Books and Popular Myths about the First Wave of Feminism :: Essays Papers

Children's Books and Popular Myths about the First Wave of Feminism What is the First Wave (1) of Feminism? How is it portrayed as a â€Å"suffrage† movement? Does the average study of First Wave feminism look at issues outside of suffrage: consent laws, marital rape, education, women’s right to own property, divorce rights, and so on? I wanted to look at the portrayal of the â€Å"heroes† of the first wave – Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony – as well the movement itself, through books aimed at children. Children’s books seem like an obvious way to look at how the movement is popularly seen and understood. If we set aside condescending ideas of needing to â€Å"dumb down† ideas to introduce them to children, or needing figures to be purely heroic. Then, we assume that most people, who do not actively pursue it later in life, receive the bulk of their information on the First Wave of feminism from kindergarten through high school history education. The Book Choosing Process The sources cover a variety of age ranges and publishers. There was no science in the selection, they were simply the easiest to find at the downtown public library in Syracuse, New York (2), which to me indicates they are the most likely to be picked up by a student doing a report or reading for enjoyment. The sources are not supposed to represent the â€Å"worst† by any standards – they are children's history books, all of which do in depth studies of suffrage. These are not coloring books or propaganda, which, perhaps, is why the information is so dangerous. Brill, Marlene Targ. Let Women Vote! Brookfield: Millbrook, 1996. (aimed at ages 9-12), Davis, Lucille. Susan B. Anthony. Mankato: Bridgestone, 1998. (aimed at ages 4-8), Nash, Carol Rust. The Fight For Women’s Right To Vote in American History. Springfield: Enslow, 1998. (aimed at ages 9-12) Parker, Barbara Keevil. Susan B. Anthony: Daring to Vote. Brookfield: Millbrook, 1998. (aimed at ages 4-8) Five Major Questionable Facts About the First Wave in Children’s History Books 1. Women Asked For Rights. â€Å"This cartoon shows Elizabeth [Cady Stanton] speaking to the New York legislature. She asked [emphasis added] legislators to give women equal rights.† (Davis) 2. Susan B. Anthony Is the First Wave of Feminism. â€Å"Susan had prepared other women to work for women’s rights. They took up the fight. In 1920, the 19th amendment was passed. Many people called this law the Susan B.

Bhakti Yoga

There are four goals in the traditional Hinduism. These four goals cover life viewed as good and life seen as bad. Three of these goals appeal to the positive things in life, such as, Dharma or righteousness, Artha or achievement, and Kama or gratification. The fourth goal which is the Moksha or liberation is aimed at the negative things. The three affirmation goals can all be sought at the same time or one at a time, as each may be appropriate at certain periods in one’s life. Hinduism prescribes four paths towards the Divine destiny.These paths may lead to a good life, oneness with the divine, liberation from life, or the fulfillment of any or all of the four goals. The paths are called Yoga. Yoga is a set of disciplines that must be carried out by followers who wished to take these paths. Yoga is like a yoke or a load around the neck or shoulders which is heavy but necessary to reach the destiny or the realization of goals. The different paths or yoga are, Inana or the way towards the ultimate knowledge, Bhakti or the path to loving or devotion to God, Karma or the way to undo the reaction to deeds in life, and the Raja or the royal path to meditation.The Inana, Bhakti and Karma are contained in Bhagavad-Gita while Raja is in Yoga Sutra. Both the Bhagavad-Gita and the Yoga Sutra are spiritual teachings that help explain the divine world. The Bhakti Yoga is the path to the immaculate devotion to and absolute loving of God. In Sanskrit it means the overpowering, generous and joyful love for God. The follower is focused on God by expressions of love and actions of worship. The devotion is strong and faithful like a lover to the beloved, a parent to his child.The Bhakti-Rasamrita-Sindhu of Rupa Gosvami enumerates the nine forms of the path, which are: chant, praise, reflection, service, prayers, preaching, relationship, and surrender. Keeping them all or even one is enough for a devotee to experience the love of God. The objective of this love and devotio n is to get close to God. Depending on their attitudes, Bhakti is taken differently by its followers. For some, it is the initial step leading to Inana. On the contrary, others believe it to be higher than Inana.Others think all of them are equal. Bhagavad Gita is considered the pillar as well as the foundation of Hindu Bhakti theism particularly in Vaishnavism. It has a long list of religious and philosophical affiliations but is partial to Krishna devotees. According to Krishna love, pure intention and utmost devotion is the most powerful driving force in the spiritual life of a devotee. Most Bhakti movements worship only one God, Vishnu or Shiva. They came after the three Vedanta systems were put in place.These Bhakti movements reinvigorated Hinduism because they filled in the emotional and philosophical void of India. The intensity of expression of Bharatanatyam had the most influence in the great changes in Hindu prayers and rituals since the time of Adi Shankaracharya. There h ad been other noted contributions of Bhakti movements in Indian history. Their schools of Philosophy have changed the beliefs of people. Bhakti taught the people to channel their emotions to the direction of God in the process of self-actualization.The Hindus from the orthodox Brahaminical systems denounced the caste system. Bhakti’s call for tolerance and love were not listened to by those deeply-rooted in the caste structure of society. Bhakti was responsible for the mass production of devotional materials in literature, art, music and dance that has enriched the culture not only of India but also of the entire world. This gave spiritual renewal by giving up insignificant rituals and social demarcation, to India References SanatanSociety. org (2008). Bhakti Yoga. Retrieved June 14, 2008 fromhttp://www. sanatansociety. org/yoga_and_meditation/bhakti_yoga. htm ISKCON Educational Services (2004). The Heart of Hinduism. Introduction to the Four Main Parts. Retrived June 14, 200 8 from http://hinduism. iskcon. com/practice/index. htm Hinduism: Living the Religious Life. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://uwacadweb. uwyo. edu/Religionet/er/hinduism/HRLIFE. HTM The Yoga Centre Glasgow (2007). Bhakti Yoga. Yogi Nirmalendu. Kundalini Shakti Page. Retrieved June 14, 2008 from http://www. yoginirmalendu. com/Types_Of_Yoga/Bhakti_Yoga/Bhakti_Yoga. html

High School Education - 1572 Words

Delprà ¸ve 1 Opgave A I hver af nedenstà ¥ende sà ¦tninger er en grammatisk fejl understreget. Ret fejlen, og forklar din rettelse. Brug relevant grammatisk/faglig terminologi. Skriv dit svar pà ¥ dansk. Besvarelse 1a: 1. Normally students look forward to go back to school after the summer holidays. Forklaring: Students are looking forward 2. According to Michelle Obama is education important when you want to plan your own career. Forklaring: Education is – forkert ordstilling 3. President Obama, which wife has now joined his efforts to improve education, wants the US to have the highest percentage of college graduates by 2020. Forklaring: Whose wife - forkert bà ¸jning 4. How much you earn throughout life depends large on your success in†¦show more content†¦I have a few questions regarding the information on your website – is the tuition fee paid annually or each month? In case of breaking campus rules, would that lead to an immediate suspension? What is your accommodation policy? In addition, it would be much obliged if you please get back to me as soon as possible. I look forward to receive your response. Best regards Andreas Abildgaard Delprà ¸ve 2 Opgave A – Education in America Write an essay in which you account for some of the challenges in the American education system and discuss the importance of education for students, companies and the US economy. The requirements for getting a job nowadays is way more demanding, compared to what it used to be like back in the 70’s. Today and in the not to distant future, almost all jobs will require some kind of more extensive education which means â€Å"just† a High School education will not suffice. A lot of citizens in the United States do not have the resources to send their children to a decent College, which results in a poorer future for the next generation. Michelle Obamas’ life is a perfect example of a true fighter. Her father was a pump worker at the City ofShow MoreRelatedThe Benefits Of High School Education988 Words   |  4 PagesJust having a high school education does not get you a great job nowadays. Jobs expect more, and with expecting more comes the pressure of having to go further then high school. Last October of 2013, 65.9 % of students who graduated high school enrolled in college. Not everyone gets the chance to go to college, but more than half of the students who graduate do because they need more then twelve years of school to get a good paying job. If the government thinks that education is essential for successRead MoreHigher Education And High School869 Words   |  4 Pages The cost of not going to college has risen. High school seniors who have the opportunity to get a higher education should take it and make the best out of it. Going to college to receive this higher education has numerous rewarding consequences in the long run. For instance, college can bring new experiences to people. Some people, grow up with a family were hardly anyone has a higher education than high school. Another new experience is moving away from parents and living on your own. LastlyRead MoreQuality of High School Education1097 Words   |  5 PagesIn America, teenagers are taught to not question or object what is going on in the world. The schools take away their First Amendment rights by not allowing teens to have free speech and voice their beliefs and opinions. The education given to them is censored and limited, not allowing them to see and know the truths behind everything. By doing this, teenagers are being raised to grow up blind like the current generation of adults. The people of America are failing to see the country as it trulyRead MoreHigh School Education in India1546 Words   |  7 PagesEDUCATION SYSTEM IN INDIA- HIGH SCHOOL In India, high school is a grade of education which includes Standards VII to X. Standards XI to XII called as Higher Secondary School or Senior Secondary School or Junior college. Some states refer to Standards IX and X as High School, while XI and XII are termed as Intermediate. Other states refer to VI, VII, VIII, IX and X (grades 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) as Secondary school and XI and XII (grades 11 and 12) as Senior Secondary School. Usually, students from agesRead MoreThe Education Of High School Students Essay1183 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction In today’s education of high school students, are we keeping up with the 21st century, or, are we still doing the same old thing? The British started the idea of traditional schools hundreds of years ago. After the American Revolution around the late 1700’s, and the early 1800’s, government-supported schools started. These schools educated students of all ages in one room with one teacher. These schools were not free. In the late 1800’s, high schools were considered to be preparatoryRead MoreProblems with High School Education1060 Words   |  5 PagesProblems with High School Education Public education has been a staple to American society since the mid nineteenth century. However, in the years since, the public school system has developed many flaws. The system that was originally created to enhance the lives of students and better society now causes much detriment. Although public education claims to be the â€Å"great equalizer† there are many problems ignored by school reform policies that hinder the learning of children. IncomeRead MoreThe Milieu Of High School Education Essay1551 Words   |  7 Pages The milieu of high school education is constantly changing and the demands upon students academically and socially are at an all time high. Classrooms are no longer typically filled with textbooks, desks, chalkboards, and overhead projectors but replaced with computers, smart boards, greenhouses, CAD Labs, and interactive technology that allow students to communicate with other students and industry personal globally. The face of education has evolved and the demands from industry and academia haveRead MoreHigh School Level Of Education Essay1852 Words   |  8 Pagesincreasing STEM majors not only in the college system, but also in the high school level of education. A number of reports have argued that the US is not producing enough STEM graduates to fulfill the number of jobs available. Three reports released within months of each other, Innovate America, Tapping America’s Potential, a nd Rising Above the Gathering Storm, have been creating debates about whether or not the US education systems need to incorporate more STEM related topics and whether or notRead MoreThe Importance Of High School Education896 Words   |  4 Pagesexperience on why high school plays such an important role in our lives, and how it has impacted my life. Earning a high school diploma is extremely important, many people don’t have that in mind, but education is very essential to students. To have basic knowledge of all the subjects in school and identifying skills and how earning a high school diploma will take you further in life than you expect. I was a high school dropout at 18 years old. I was attending high school at a vocational school that gladlyRead MoreHigh School Education And Rural Areas1172 Words   |  5 PagesEducation is very popular and important issue in our country, especially in some rural areas, for example: Ningxia, Guangxi and etc. in china. Rural areas mean countryside or the located is outside city. Urban areas have located the center of the city, for example: Shanghai, Beijing and etc. if we want to good at high school education, we should more focus in rural areas. Until now, we still have lots of children are staying at rural areas. High school education in rural areas are important in china